Principles of Macroeconomics

class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide

.title[
# Principles of Macroeconomics
]
.author[
### ECO 2307
]
.date[
### Spring 2023
]

---

class: center, middle, inverse

# Chapter 9
## Unemployment and Inflation

---

## Measuring Unemployment

.panelset.sideways[.panel[.panel-name[Intro]
Problem
- ~ 300 million people in US
- monitoring/reporting is difficult/costly

Solution: make educated guesses from survey data

Each month, the U.S. Census Bureau conducts the **Current Population Survey** (a.k.a. the **household survey**)
- ~60,000 households selected to be “representative”
- Household members of “working age” (16+ years old)
- Asked about employment during “reference week”
- Also asked about recent job search activities

]

.panel[.panel-name[Employment Status]

]

.panel[.panel-name[Macro Indicators]
**labor force**
- sum of employed and unemployed workers in the economy
- **not in labor force**: those who are neither employed nor unemployed
- **labor-force participation rate**
  - percentage of the working-age population in the labor force
  - `$LFPR = \Big(\frac{\textit{Labor force}}{\textit{Working Age Population}}\Big)\times100$`

**employment rate**
- percentage of labor force who currently have a job or is temporarily away from their job
- **employment-population ratio**
  - percentage of the working-age population that is employed
  - `$EPR = \Big(\frac{\textit{Employed}}{\textit{Working Age Population}}\Big)\times100$`

**unemployment rate**
- percentage of the labor force that is available and is actively searching for work in the previous month `$\Big(\frac{unemployed}{labor force}\times100\Big)$`

]

.panel[.panel-name[Measurement Issues]
The unemployment rate measured by the BLS is not a perfect measure of joblessness. Why?

It may *understate* unemployment:
- Distinguishing between people who are **unemployed** and *not in the* ***labor force*** *requires judgment* 
- Only measures employment, not intensity of employment

It may *overstate* unemployment:
- People might claim falsely to be actively looking for work
- May claim not to be working to evade taxes or keep criminal activity unnoticed

]

.panel[.panel-name[Unemployment Trends]

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Jan 2000 Rate: 7.8 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Feb 2000 Rate: 7.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Mar 2000 Rate: 7.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Apr 2000 Rate: 6.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: May 2000 Rate: 6.8 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jun 2000 Rate: 7.2 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jul 2000 Rate: 7.2 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Aug 2000 Rate: 7.0 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Sep 2000 Rate: 6.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Oct 2000 Rate: 6.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Nov 2000 Rate: 6.8 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Dec 2000 Rate: 6.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jan 2001 Rate: 8.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Feb 2001 Rate: 7.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Mar 2001 Rate: 7.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Apr 2001 Rate: 7.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: May 2001 Rate: 7.2 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jun 2001 Rate: 8.2 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jul 2001 Rate: 8.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Aug 2001 Rate: 8.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Sep 2001 Rate: 8.2 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Oct 2001 Rate: 8.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Nov 2001 Rate: 9.0 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Dec 2001 Rate: 9.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jan 2002 Rate: 10.5 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Feb 2002 Rate: 10.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Mar 2002 Rate: 9.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Apr 2002 Rate: 9.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: May 2002 Rate: 9.2 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jun 2002 Rate: 9.8 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jul 2002 Rate: 9.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Aug 2002 Rate: 9.5 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Sep 2002 Rate: 9.0 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Oct 2002 Rate: 9.0 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Nov 2002 Rate: 9.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Dec 2002 Rate: 9.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jan 2003 Rate: 11.0 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Feb 2003 Rate: 10.8 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Mar 2003 Rate: 10.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Apr 2003 Rate: 9.8 Series: Broader Measure","Date: May 2003 Rate: 9.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jun 2003 Rate: 10.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jul 2003 Rate: 10.5 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Aug 2003 Rate: 10.0 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Sep 2003 Rate: 9.8 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Oct 2003 Rate: 9.5 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Nov 2003 Rate: 9.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Dec 2003 Rate: 9.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jan 2004 Rate: 10.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Feb 2004 Rate: 10.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Mar 2004 Rate: 10.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Apr 2004 Rate: 9.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: May 2004 Rate: 9.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jun 2004 Rate: 9.8 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jul 2004 Rate: 9.8 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Aug 2004 Rate: 9.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Sep 2004 Rate: 8.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Oct 2004 Rate: 9.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Nov 2004 Rate: 9.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Dec 2004 Rate: 9.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jan 2005 Rate: 10.2 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Feb 2005 Rate: 9.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Mar 2005 Rate: 9.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Apr 2005 Rate: 8.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: May 2005 Rate: 8.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jun 2005 Rate: 9.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jul 2005 Rate: 9.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Aug 2005 Rate: 8.8 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Sep 2005 Rate: 8.5 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Oct 2005 Rate: 8.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Nov 2005 Rate: 8.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Dec 2005 Rate: 8.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jan 2006 Rate: 9.2 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Feb 2006 Rate: 9.0 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Mar 2006 Rate: 8.5 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Apr 2006 Rate: 7.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: May 2006 Rate: 7.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jun 2006 Rate: 8.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jul 2006 Rate: 8.8 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Aug 2006 Rate: 8.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Sep 2006 Rate: 7.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Oct 2006 Rate: 7.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Nov 2006 Rate: 7.8 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Dec 2006 Rate: 7.8 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jan 2007 Rate: 9.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Feb 2007 Rate: 8.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Mar 2007 Rate: 8.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Apr 2007 Rate: 7.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: May 2007 Rate: 7.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jun 2007 Rate: 8.5 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jul 2007 Rate: 8.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Aug 2007 Rate: 8.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Sep 2007 Rate: 8.0 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Oct 2007 Rate: 7.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Nov 2007 Rate: 8.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Dec 2007 Rate: 8.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jan 2008 Rate: 9.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Feb 2008 Rate: 9.5 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Mar 2008 Rate: 9.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Apr 2008 Rate: 8.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: May 2008 Rate: 9.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jun 2008 Rate: 10.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jul 2008 Rate: 10.8 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Aug 2008 Rate: 10.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Sep 2008 Rate: 10.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Oct 2008 Rate: 11.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Nov 2008 Rate: 12.2 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Dec 2008 Rate: 13.5 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jan 2009 Rate: 15.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Feb 2009 Rate: 16.0 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Mar 2009 Rate: 16.2 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Apr 2009 Rate: 15.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: May 2009 Rate: 15.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jun 2009 Rate: 16.8 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jul 2009 Rate: 16.8 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Aug 2009 Rate: 16.5 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Sep 2009 Rate: 16.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Oct 2009 Rate: 16.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Nov 2009 Rate: 16.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Dec 2009 Rate: 17.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jan 2010 Rate: 18.0 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Feb 2010 Rate: 17.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Mar 2010 Rate: 17.5 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Apr 2010 Rate: 16.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: May 2010 Rate: 16.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jun 2010 Rate: 16.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jul 2010 Rate: 16.8 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Aug 2010 Rate: 16.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Sep 2010 Rate: 16.2 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Oct 2010 Rate: 15.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Nov 2010 Rate: 16.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Dec 2010 Rate: 16.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jan 2011 Rate: 17.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Feb 2011 Rate: 16.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Mar 2011 Rate: 16.2 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Apr 2011 Rate: 15.5 Series: Broader Measure","Date: May 2011 Rate: 15.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jun 2011 Rate: 16.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jul 2011 Rate: 16.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Aug 2011 Rate: 16.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Sep 2011 Rate: 15.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Oct 2011 Rate: 15.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Nov 2011 Rate: 15.0 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Dec 2011 Rate: 15.2 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jan 2012 Rate: 16.2 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Feb 2012 Rate: 15.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Mar 2012 Rate: 14.8 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Apr 2012 Rate: 14.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: May 2012 Rate: 14.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jun 2012 Rate: 15.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jul 2012 Rate: 15.2 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Aug 2012 Rate: 14.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Sep 2012 Rate: 14.2 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Oct 2012 Rate: 13.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Nov 2012 Rate: 13.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Dec 2012 Rate: 14.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jan 2013 Rate: 15.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Feb 2013 Rate: 14.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Mar 2013 Rate: 13.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Apr 2013 Rate: 13.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: May 2013 Rate: 13.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jun 2013 Rate: 14.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jul 2013 Rate: 14.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Aug 2013 Rate: 13.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Sep 2013 Rate: 13.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Oct 2013 Rate: 13.2 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Nov 2013 Rate: 12.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Dec 2013 Rate: 13.0 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jan 2014 Rate: 13.5 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Feb 2014 Rate: 13.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Mar 2014 Rate: 12.8 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Apr 2014 Rate: 11.8 Series: Broader Measure","Date: May 2014 Rate: 11.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jun 2014 Rate: 12.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jul 2014 Rate: 12.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Aug 2014 Rate: 12.0 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Sep 2014 Rate: 11.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Oct 2014 Rate: 11.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Nov 2014 Rate: 11.0 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Dec 2014 Rate: 11.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jan 2015 Rate: 12.0 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Feb 2015 Rate: 11.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Mar 2015 Rate: 11.0 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Apr 2015 Rate: 10.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: May 2015 Rate: 10.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jun 2015 Rate: 10.8 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jul 2015 Rate: 10.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Aug 2015 Rate: 10.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Sep 2015 Rate: 9.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Oct 2015 Rate: 9.5 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Nov 2015 Rate: 9.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Dec 2015 Rate: 9.8 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jan 2016 Rate: 10.5 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Feb 2016 Rate: 10.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Mar 2016 Rate: 9.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Apr 2016 Rate: 9.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: May 2016 Rate: 9.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jun 2016 Rate: 9.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jul 2016 Rate: 10.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Aug 2016 Rate: 9.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Sep 2016 Rate: 9.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Oct 2016 Rate: 9.2 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Nov 2016 Rate: 9.0 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Dec 2016 Rate: 9.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jan 2017 Rate: 10.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Feb 2017 Rate: 9.5 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Mar 2017 Rate: 8.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Apr 2017 Rate: 8.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: May 2017 Rate: 8.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jun 2017 Rate: 8.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jul 2017 Rate: 8.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Aug 2017 Rate: 8.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Sep 2017 Rate: 8.0 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Oct 2017 Rate: 7.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Nov 2017 Rate: 7.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Dec 2017 Rate: 8.0 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jan 2018 Rate: 8.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Feb 2018 Rate: 8.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Mar 2018 Rate: 8.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Apr 2018 Rate: 7.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: May 2018 Rate: 7.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jun 2018 Rate: 8.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jul 2018 Rate: 7.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Aug 2018 Rate: 7.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Sep 2018 Rate: 7.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Oct 2018 Rate: 7.0 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Nov 2018 Rate: 7.2 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Dec 2018 Rate: 7.5 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jan 2019 Rate: 8.8 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Feb 2019 Rate: 7.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Mar 2019 Rate: 7.5 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Apr 2019 Rate: 6.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: May 2019 Rate: 6.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jun 2019 Rate: 7.5 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jul 2019 Rate: 7.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Aug 2019 Rate: 7.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Sep 2019 Rate: 6.5 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Oct 2019 Rate: 6.5 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Nov 2019 Rate: 6.5 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Dec 2019 Rate: 6.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jan 2020 Rate: 7.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Feb 2020 Rate: 7.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Mar 2020 Rate: 8.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Apr 2020 Rate: 22.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: May 2020 Rate: 20.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jun 2020 Rate: 18.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jul 2020 Rate: 16.8 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Aug 2020 Rate: 14.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Sep 2020 Rate: 12.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Oct 2020 Rate: 11.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Nov 2020 Rate: 11.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Dec 2020 Rate: 11.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jan 2021 Rate: 12.0 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Feb 2021 Rate: 11.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Mar 2021 Rate: 10.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Apr 2021 Rate: 9.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: May 2021 Rate: 9.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jun 2021 Rate: 10.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jul 2021 Rate: 9.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Aug 2021 Rate: 8.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Sep 2021 Rate: 8.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Oct 2021 Rate: 7.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Nov 2021 Rate: 7.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Dec 2021 Rate: 7.2 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jan 2022 Rate: 7.9 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Feb 2022 Rate: 7.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Mar 2022 Rate: 7.1 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Apr 2022 Rate: 6.6 Series: Broader Measure","Date: May 2022 Rate: 6.7 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jun 2022 Rate: 7.0 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Jul 2022 Rate: 7.2 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Aug 2022 Rate: 7.0 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Sep 2022 Rate: 6.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Oct 2022 Rate: 6.3 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Nov 2022 Rate: 6.4 Series: Broader Measure","Date: Dec 2022 Rate: 6.4 Series: Broader Measure"],"type":"scatter","mode":"lines","line":{"width":1.88976377952756,"color":"rgba(0,32,77,1)","dash":"solid"},"hoveron":"points","name":"Broader Measure","legendgroup":"Broader 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Jan 2000 Rate: 4.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Feb 2000 Rate: 4.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Mar 2000 Rate: 4.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Apr 2000 Rate: 3.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: May 2000 Rate: 3.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jun 2000 Rate: 4.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jul 2000 Rate: 4.2 Series: Official Measure","Date: Aug 2000 Rate: 4.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Sep 2000 Rate: 3.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Oct 2000 Rate: 3.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Nov 2000 Rate: 3.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Dec 2000 Rate: 3.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jan 2001 Rate: 4.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Feb 2001 Rate: 4.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Mar 2001 Rate: 4.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Apr 2001 Rate: 4.2 Series: Official Measure","Date: May 2001 Rate: 4.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jun 2001 Rate: 4.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jul 2001 Rate: 4.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Aug 2001 Rate: 4.9 Series: Official Measure","Date: Sep 2001 Rate: 4.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Oct 2001 Rate: 5.0 Series: Official Measure","Date: Nov 2001 Rate: 5.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Dec 2001 Rate: 5.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jan 2002 Rate: 6.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Feb 2002 Rate: 6.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Mar 2002 Rate: 6.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Apr 2002 Rate: 5.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: May 2002 Rate: 5.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jun 2002 Rate: 6.0 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jul 2002 Rate: 5.9 Series: Official Measure","Date: Aug 2002 Rate: 5.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Sep 2002 Rate: 5.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Oct 2002 Rate: 5.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Nov 2002 Rate: 5.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Dec 2002 Rate: 5.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jan 2003 Rate: 6.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Feb 2003 Rate: 6.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Mar 2003 Rate: 6.2 Series: Official Measure","Date: Apr 2003 Rate: 5.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: May 2003 Rate: 5.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jun 2003 Rate: 6.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jul 2003 Rate: 6.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Aug 2003 Rate: 6.0 Series: Official Measure","Date: Sep 2003 Rate: 5.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Oct 2003 Rate: 5.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Nov 2003 Rate: 5.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Dec 2003 Rate: 5.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jan 2004 Rate: 6.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Feb 2004 Rate: 6.0 Series: Official Measure","Date: Mar 2004 Rate: 6.0 Series: Official Measure","Date: Apr 2004 Rate: 5.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: May 2004 Rate: 5.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jun 2004 Rate: 5.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jul 2004 Rate: 5.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Aug 2004 Rate: 5.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Sep 2004 Rate: 5.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Oct 2004 Rate: 5.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Nov 2004 Rate: 5.2 Series: Official Measure","Date: Dec 2004 Rate: 5.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jan 2005 Rate: 5.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Feb 2005 Rate: 5.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Mar 2005 Rate: 5.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Apr 2005 Rate: 4.9 Series: Official Measure","Date: May 2005 Rate: 4.9 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jun 2005 Rate: 5.2 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jul 2005 Rate: 5.2 Series: Official Measure","Date: Aug 2005 Rate: 4.9 Series: Official Measure","Date: Sep 2005 Rate: 4.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Oct 2005 Rate: 4.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Nov 2005 Rate: 4.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Dec 2005 Rate: 4.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jan 2006 Rate: 5.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Feb 2006 Rate: 5.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Mar 2006 Rate: 4.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Apr 2006 Rate: 4.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: May 2006 Rate: 4.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jun 2006 Rate: 4.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jul 2006 Rate: 5.0 Series: Official Measure","Date: Aug 2006 Rate: 4.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Sep 2006 Rate: 4.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Oct 2006 Rate: 4.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Nov 2006 Rate: 4.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Dec 2006 Rate: 4.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jan 2007 Rate: 5.0 Series: Official Measure","Date: Feb 2007 Rate: 4.9 Series: Official Measure","Date: Mar 2007 Rate: 4.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Apr 2007 Rate: 4.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: May 2007 Rate: 4.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jun 2007 Rate: 4.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jul 2007 Rate: 4.9 Series: Official Measure","Date: Aug 2007 Rate: 4.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Sep 2007 Rate: 4.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Oct 2007 Rate: 4.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Nov 2007 Rate: 4.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Dec 2007 Rate: 4.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jan 2008 Rate: 5.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Feb 2008 Rate: 5.2 Series: Official Measure","Date: Mar 2008 Rate: 5.2 Series: Official Measure","Date: Apr 2008 Rate: 4.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: May 2008 Rate: 5.2 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jun 2008 Rate: 5.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jul 2008 Rate: 6.0 Series: Official Measure","Date: Aug 2008 Rate: 6.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Sep 2008 Rate: 6.0 Series: Official Measure","Date: Oct 2008 Rate: 6.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Nov 2008 Rate: 6.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Dec 2008 Rate: 7.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jan 2009 Rate: 8.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Feb 2009 Rate: 8.9 Series: Official Measure","Date: Mar 2009 Rate: 9.0 Series: Official Measure","Date: Apr 2009 Rate: 8.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: May 2009 Rate: 9.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jun 2009 Rate: 9.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jul 2009 Rate: 9.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Aug 2009 Rate: 9.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Sep 2009 Rate: 9.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Oct 2009 Rate: 9.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Nov 2009 Rate: 9.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Dec 2009 Rate: 9.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jan 2010 Rate: 10.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Feb 2010 Rate: 10.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Mar 2010 Rate: 10.2 Series: Official Measure","Date: Apr 2010 Rate: 9.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: May 2010 Rate: 9.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jun 2010 Rate: 9.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jul 2010 Rate: 9.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Aug 2010 Rate: 9.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Sep 2010 Rate: 9.2 Series: Official Measure","Date: Oct 2010 Rate: 9.0 Series: Official Measure","Date: Nov 2010 Rate: 9.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Dec 2010 Rate: 9.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jan 2011 Rate: 9.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Feb 2011 Rate: 9.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Mar 2011 Rate: 9.2 Series: Official Measure","Date: Apr 2011 Rate: 8.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: May 2011 Rate: 8.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jun 2011 Rate: 9.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jul 2011 Rate: 9.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Aug 2011 Rate: 9.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Sep 2011 Rate: 8.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Oct 2011 Rate: 8.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Nov 2011 Rate: 8.2 Series: Official Measure","Date: Dec 2011 Rate: 8.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jan 2012 Rate: 8.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Feb 2012 Rate: 8.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Mar 2012 Rate: 8.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Apr 2012 Rate: 7.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: May 2012 Rate: 7.9 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jun 2012 Rate: 8.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jul 2012 Rate: 8.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Aug 2012 Rate: 8.2 Series: Official Measure","Date: Sep 2012 Rate: 7.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Oct 2012 Rate: 7.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Nov 2012 Rate: 7.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Dec 2012 Rate: 7.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jan 2013 Rate: 8.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Feb 2013 Rate: 8.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Mar 2013 Rate: 7.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Apr 2013 Rate: 7.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: May 2013 Rate: 7.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jun 2013 Rate: 7.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jul 2013 Rate: 7.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Aug 2013 Rate: 7.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Sep 2013 Rate: 7.0 Series: Official Measure","Date: Oct 2013 Rate: 7.0 Series: Official Measure","Date: Nov 2013 Rate: 6.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Dec 2013 Rate: 6.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jan 2014 Rate: 7.0 Series: Official Measure","Date: Feb 2014 Rate: 7.0 Series: Official Measure","Date: Mar 2014 Rate: 6.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Apr 2014 Rate: 5.9 Series: Official Measure","Date: May 2014 Rate: 6.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jun 2014 Rate: 6.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jul 2014 Rate: 6.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Aug 2014 Rate: 6.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Sep 2014 Rate: 5.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Oct 2014 Rate: 5.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Nov 2014 Rate: 5.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Dec 2014 Rate: 5.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jan 2015 Rate: 6.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Feb 2015 Rate: 5.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Mar 2015 Rate: 5.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Apr 2015 Rate: 5.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: May 2015 Rate: 5.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jun 2015 Rate: 5.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jul 2015 Rate: 5.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Aug 2015 Rate: 5.2 Series: Official Measure","Date: Sep 2015 Rate: 4.9 Series: Official Measure","Date: Oct 2015 Rate: 4.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Nov 2015 Rate: 4.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Dec 2015 Rate: 4.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jan 2016 Rate: 5.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Feb 2016 Rate: 5.2 Series: Official Measure","Date: Mar 2016 Rate: 5.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Apr 2016 Rate: 4.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: May 2016 Rate: 4.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jun 2016 Rate: 5.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jul 2016 Rate: 5.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Aug 2016 Rate: 5.0 Series: Official Measure","Date: Sep 2016 Rate: 4.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Oct 2016 Rate: 4.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Nov 2016 Rate: 4.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Dec 2016 Rate: 4.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jan 2017 Rate: 5.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Feb 2017 Rate: 4.9 Series: Official Measure","Date: Mar 2017 Rate: 4.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Apr 2017 Rate: 4.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: May 2017 Rate: 4.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jun 2017 Rate: 4.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jul 2017 Rate: 4.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Aug 2017 Rate: 4.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Sep 2017 Rate: 4.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Oct 2017 Rate: 3.9 Series: Official Measure","Date: Nov 2017 Rate: 3.9 Series: Official Measure","Date: Dec 2017 Rate: 3.9 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jan 2018 Rate: 4.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Feb 2018 Rate: 4.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Mar 2018 Rate: 4.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Apr 2018 Rate: 3.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: May 2018 Rate: 3.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jun 2018 Rate: 4.2 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jul 2018 Rate: 4.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Aug 2018 Rate: 3.9 Series: Official Measure","Date: Sep 2018 Rate: 3.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Oct 2018 Rate: 3.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Nov 2018 Rate: 3.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Dec 2018 Rate: 3.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jan 2019 Rate: 4.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Feb 2019 Rate: 4.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Mar 2019 Rate: 3.9 Series: Official Measure","Date: Apr 2019 Rate: 3.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: May 2019 Rate: 3.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jun 2019 Rate: 3.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jul 2019 Rate: 4.0 Series: Official Measure","Date: Aug 2019 Rate: 3.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Sep 2019 Rate: 3.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Oct 2019 Rate: 3.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Nov 2019 Rate: 3.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Dec 2019 Rate: 3.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jan 2020 Rate: 4.0 Series: Official Measure","Date: Feb 2020 Rate: 3.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Mar 2020 Rate: 4.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Apr 2020 Rate: 14.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: May 2020 Rate: 13.0 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jun 2020 Rate: 11.2 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jul 2020 Rate: 10.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Aug 2020 Rate: 8.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Sep 2020 Rate: 7.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Oct 2020 Rate: 6.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Nov 2020 Rate: 6.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Dec 2020 Rate: 6.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jan 2021 Rate: 6.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Feb 2021 Rate: 6.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Mar 2021 Rate: 6.2 Series: Official Measure","Date: Apr 2021 Rate: 5.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: May 2021 Rate: 5.5 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jun 2021 Rate: 6.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jul 2021 Rate: 5.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Aug 2021 Rate: 5.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Sep 2021 Rate: 4.6 Series: Official Measure","Date: Oct 2021 Rate: 4.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Nov 2021 Rate: 3.9 Series: Official Measure","Date: Dec 2021 Rate: 3.7 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jan 2022 Rate: 4.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Feb 2022 Rate: 4.1 Series: Official Measure","Date: Mar 2022 Rate: 3.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Apr 2022 Rate: 3.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: May 2022 Rate: 3.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jun 2022 Rate: 3.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Jul 2022 Rate: 3.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Aug 2022 Rate: 3.8 Series: Official Measure","Date: Sep 2022 Rate: 3.3 Series: Official Measure","Date: Oct 2022 Rate: 3.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Nov 2022 Rate: 3.4 Series: Official Measure","Date: Dec 2022 Rate: 3.3 Series: Official Measure"],"type":"scatter","mode":"lines","line":{"width":1.88976377952756,"color":"rgba(255,234,70,1)","dash":"solid"},"hoveron":"points","name":"Official Measure","legendgroup":"Official 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.panel[.panel-name[Unemployment Length]
#### How long are people typically unemployed?

- Great Depression

- WWII to 2007-2009 recession

- COVID pandemic

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Jan 1948 Rate: 85.2 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1948 Rate: 85.5 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1948 Rate: 85.5 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1948 Rate: 86.0 Series: Men","Date: May 1948 Rate: 85.7 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1948 Rate: 87.8 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1948 Rate: 88.7 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1948 Rate: 88.5 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1948 Rate: 86.9 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1948 Rate: 86.6 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1948 Rate: 86.4 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1948 Rate: 86.1 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1949 Rate: 85.2 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1949 Rate: 85.4 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1949 Rate: 85.9 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1949 Rate: 86.0 Series: Men","Date: May 1949 Rate: 86.2 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1949 Rate: 87.5 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1949 Rate: 88.2 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1949 Rate: 88.0 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1949 Rate: 86.8 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1949 Rate: 86.2 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1949 Rate: 86.3 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1949 Rate: 85.6 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1950 Rate: 85.5 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1950 Rate: 85.4 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1950 Rate: 85.5 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1950 Rate: 85.8 Series: Men","Date: May 1950 Rate: 86.0 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1950 Rate: 87.5 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1950 Rate: 88.0 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1950 Rate: 88.2 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1950 Rate: 86.9 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1950 Rate: 86.3 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1950 Rate: 86.1 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1950 Rate: 85.5 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1951 Rate: 84.7 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1951 Rate: 84.9 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1951 Rate: 85.9 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1951 Rate: 85.8 Series: Men","Date: May 1951 Rate: 86.4 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1951 Rate: 87.5 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1951 Rate: 88.0 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1951 Rate: 88.3 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1951 Rate: 86.9 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1951 Rate: 86.7 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1951 Rate: 86.4 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1951 Rate: 86.1 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1952 Rate: 85.5 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1952 Rate: 85.5 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1952 Rate: 85.6 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1952 Rate: 85.7 Series: Men","Date: May 1952 Rate: 86.2 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1952 Rate: 87.7 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1952 Rate: 88.1 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1952 Rate: 87.6 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1952 Rate: 86.2 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1952 Rate: 85.7 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1952 Rate: 85.6 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1952 Rate: 85.6 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1953 Rate: 85.2 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1953 Rate: 85.3 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1953 Rate: 85.7 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1953 Rate: 85.7 Series: Men","Date: May 1953 Rate: 85.8 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1953 Rate: 87.2 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1953 Rate: 87.6 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1953 Rate: 87.5 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1953 Rate: 85.7 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1953 Rate: 85.4 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1953 Rate: 85.7 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1953 Rate: 85.0 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1954 Rate: 84.8 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1954 Rate: 85.3 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1954 Rate: 85.1 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1954 Rate: 85.5 Series: Men","Date: May 1954 Rate: 85.5 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1954 Rate: 86.5 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1954 Rate: 87.1 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1954 Rate: 87.1 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1954 Rate: 85.7 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1954 Rate: 85.0 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1954 Rate: 84.8 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1954 Rate: 84.0 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1955 Rate: 84.1 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1955 Rate: 83.9 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1955 Rate: 84.3 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1955 Rate: 84.7 Series: Men","Date: May 1955 Rate: 85.0 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1955 Rate: 86.3 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1955 Rate: 87.1 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1955 Rate: 86.9 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1955 Rate: 85.6 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1955 Rate: 85.6 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1955 Rate: 85.6 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1955 Rate: 85.0 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1956 Rate: 84.8 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1956 Rate: 84.6 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1956 Rate: 84.9 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1956 Rate: 85.1 Series: Men","Date: May 1956 Rate: 85.7 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1956 Rate: 87.4 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1956 Rate: 87.4 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1956 Rate: 87.0 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1956 Rate: 85.3 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1956 Rate: 85.0 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1956 Rate: 84.9 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1956 Rate: 84.3 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1957 Rate: 83.5 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1957 Rate: 83.7 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1957 Rate: 84.2 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1957 Rate: 84.4 Series: Men","Date: May 1957 Rate: 84.9 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1957 Rate: 86.9 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1957 Rate: 87.0 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1957 Rate: 86.0 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1957 Rate: 84.6 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1957 Rate: 84.3 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1957 Rate: 84.0 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1957 Rate: 83.6 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1958 Rate: 83.1 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1958 Rate: 83.3 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1958 Rate: 83.6 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1958 Rate: 83.9 Series: Men","Date: May 1958 Rate: 84.4 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1958 Rate: 85.9 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1958 Rate: 86.3 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1958 Rate: 85.8 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1958 Rate: 84.1 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1958 Rate: 84.1 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1958 Rate: 83.5 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1958 Rate: 83.1 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1959 Rate: 82.6 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1959 Rate: 82.6 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1959 Rate: 83.0 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1959 Rate: 83.3 Series: Men","Date: May 1959 Rate: 83.6 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1959 Rate: 85.4 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1959 Rate: 85.9 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1959 Rate: 85.2 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1959 Rate: 83.7 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1959 Rate: 83.5 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1959 Rate: 83.0 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1959 Rate: 83.1 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1960 Rate: 82.2 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1960 Rate: 82.2 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1960 Rate: 82.0 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1960 Rate: 83.0 Series: Men","Date: May 1960 Rate: 83.2 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1960 Rate: 85.3 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1960 Rate: 85.3 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1960 Rate: 84.9 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1960 Rate: 83.3 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1960 Rate: 83.0 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1960 Rate: 83.1 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1960 Rate: 82.5 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1961 Rate: 82.2 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1961 Rate: 82.2 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1961 Rate: 82.4 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1961 Rate: 82.3 Series: Men","Date: May 1961 Rate: 82.8 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1961 Rate: 85.1 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1961 Rate: 84.9 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1961 Rate: 84.5 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1961 Rate: 82.3 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1961 Rate: 82.2 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1961 Rate: 82.1 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1961 Rate: 81.6 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1962 Rate: 80.8 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1962 Rate: 81.4 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1962 Rate: 81.6 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1962 Rate: 81.4 Series: Men","Date: May 1962 Rate: 82.2 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1962 Rate: 84.1 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1962 Rate: 83.9 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1962 Rate: 83.7 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1962 Rate: 81.8 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1962 Rate: 81.4 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1962 Rate: 81.0 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1962 Rate: 80.6 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1963 Rate: 80.1 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1963 Rate: 80.4 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1963 Rate: 80.6 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1963 Rate: 80.9 Series: Men","Date: May 1963 Rate: 81.2 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1963 Rate: 83.4 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1963 Rate: 83.7 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1963 Rate: 83.1 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1963 Rate: 81.2 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1963 Rate: 80.8 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1963 Rate: 80.7 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1963 Rate: 80.1 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1964 Rate: 79.6 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1964 Rate: 79.9 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1964 Rate: 80.0 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1964 Rate: 80.7 Series: Men","Date: May 1964 Rate: 81.3 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1964 Rate: 83.2 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1964 Rate: 83.5 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1964 Rate: 82.9 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1964 Rate: 80.9 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1964 Rate: 80.5 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1964 Rate: 80.1 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1964 Rate: 79.7 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1965 Rate: 79.2 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1965 Rate: 79.7 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1965 Rate: 79.7 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1965 Rate: 80.3 Series: Men","Date: May 1965 Rate: 81.1 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1965 Rate: 83.0 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1965 Rate: 83.6 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1965 Rate: 82.8 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1965 Rate: 80.1 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1965 Rate: 80.1 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1965 Rate: 79.6 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1965 Rate: 79.5 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1966 Rate: 78.8 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1966 Rate: 78.9 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1966 Rate: 79.2 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1966 Rate: 79.9 Series: Men","Date: May 1966 Rate: 80.1 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1966 Rate: 83.0 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1966 Rate: 83.4 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1966 Rate: 82.9 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1966 Rate: 79.9 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1966 Rate: 79.8 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1966 Rate: 79.7 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1966 Rate: 79.5 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1967 Rate: 79.0 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1967 Rate: 79.2 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1967 Rate: 79.2 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1967 Rate: 79.6 Series: Men","Date: May 1967 Rate: 79.8 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1967 Rate: 83.0 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1967 Rate: 83.6 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1967 Rate: 83.0 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1967 Rate: 80.0 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1967 Rate: 79.9 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1967 Rate: 79.6 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1967 Rate: 79.4 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1968 Rate: 78.4 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1968 Rate: 79.0 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1968 Rate: 79.0 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1968 Rate: 79.4 Series: Men","Date: May 1968 Rate: 79.7 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1968 Rate: 82.8 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1968 Rate: 83.2 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1968 Rate: 82.6 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1968 Rate: 79.5 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1968 Rate: 79.3 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1968 Rate: 79.0 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1968 Rate: 79.0 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1969 Rate: 78.3 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1969 Rate: 78.7 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1969 Rate: 78.9 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1969 Rate: 79.1 Series: Men","Date: May 1969 Rate: 79.1 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1969 Rate: 82.0 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1969 Rate: 82.7 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1969 Rate: 82.3 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1969 Rate: 79.7 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1969 Rate: 79.4 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1969 Rate: 79.1 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1969 Rate: 78.8 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1970 Rate: 78.5 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1970 Rate: 78.8 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1970 Rate: 79.1 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1970 Rate: 79.2 Series: Men","Date: May 1970 Rate: 79.3 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1970 Rate: 81.8 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1970 Rate: 82.4 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1970 Rate: 81.5 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1970 Rate: 79.1 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1970 Rate: 78.9 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1970 Rate: 78.8 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1970 Rate: 78.7 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1971 Rate: 78.3 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1971 Rate: 78.1 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1971 Rate: 78.1 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1971 Rate: 78.5 Series: Men","Date: May 1971 Rate: 78.7 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1971 Rate: 80.9 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1971 Rate: 82.0 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1971 Rate: 81.3 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1971 Rate: 78.6 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1971 Rate: 78.5 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1971 Rate: 78.4 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1971 Rate: 78.2 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1972 Rate: 77.7 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1972 Rate: 77.7 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1972 Rate: 78.2 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1972 Rate: 78.2 Series: Men","Date: May 1972 Rate: 78.2 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1972 Rate: 81.1 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1972 Rate: 81.6 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1972 Rate: 81.1 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1972 Rate: 78.7 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1972 Rate: 78.6 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1972 Rate: 78.2 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1972 Rate: 78.1 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1973 Rate: 77.1 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1973 Rate: 77.5 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1973 Rate: 78.1 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1973 Rate: 78.1 Series: Men","Date: May 1973 Rate: 78.0 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1973 Rate: 80.9 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1973 Rate: 81.6 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1973 Rate: 80.6 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1973 Rate: 78.5 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1973 Rate: 78.7 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1973 Rate: 78.4 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1973 Rate: 78.3 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1974 Rate: 78.1 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1974 Rate: 78.0 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1974 Rate: 77.9 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1974 Rate: 77.8 Series: Men","Date: May 1974 Rate: 78.2 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1974 Rate: 80.7 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1974 Rate: 81.1 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1974 Rate: 80.4 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1974 Rate: 78.5 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1974 Rate: 78.5 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1974 Rate: 78.0 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1974 Rate: 77.6 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1975 Rate: 77.3 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1975 Rate: 77.1 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1975 Rate: 77.3 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1975 Rate: 77.3 Series: Men","Date: May 1975 Rate: 77.6 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1975 Rate: 79.8 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1975 Rate: 80.6 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1975 Rate: 79.7 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1975 Rate: 77.4 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1975 Rate: 77.2 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1975 Rate: 76.8 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1975 Rate: 76.5 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1976 Rate: 76.4 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1976 Rate: 76.3 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1976 Rate: 76.4 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1976 Rate: 76.9 Series: Men","Date: May 1976 Rate: 76.9 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1976 Rate: 79.2 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1976 Rate: 80.1 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1976 Rate: 79.4 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1976 Rate: 77.2 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1976 Rate: 77.3 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1976 Rate: 77.1 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1976 Rate: 76.9 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1977 Rate: 76.4 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1977 Rate: 76.6 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1977 Rate: 76.6 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1977 Rate: 76.7 Series: Men","Date: May 1977 Rate: 77.0 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1977 Rate: 79.6 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1977 Rate: 80.0 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1977 Rate: 79.4 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1977 Rate: 77.1 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1977 Rate: 77.7 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1977 Rate: 77.5 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1977 Rate: 77.3 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1978 Rate: 76.8 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1978 Rate: 76.6 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1978 Rate: 76.8 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1978 Rate: 77.0 Series: Men","Date: May 1978 Rate: 77.3 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1978 Rate: 79.8 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1978 Rate: 80.2 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1978 Rate: 79.6 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1978 Rate: 77.4 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1978 Rate: 77.7 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1978 Rate: 77.6 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1978 Rate: 77.5 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1979 Rate: 77.1 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1979 Rate: 77.0 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1979 Rate: 77.1 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1979 Rate: 77.0 Series: Men","Date: May 1979 Rate: 77.2 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1979 Rate: 79.6 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1979 Rate: 80.3 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1979 Rate: 79.3 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1979 Rate: 77.7 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1979 Rate: 77.5 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1979 Rate: 77.2 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1979 Rate: 77.1 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1980 Rate: 76.7 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1980 Rate: 76.7 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1980 Rate: 76.7 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1980 Rate: 76.7 Series: Men","Date: May 1980 Rate: 77.2 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1980 Rate: 79.1 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1980 Rate: 79.8 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1980 Rate: 78.8 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1980 Rate: 76.9 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1980 Rate: 77.1 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1980 Rate: 76.8 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1980 Rate: 76.4 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1981 Rate: 76.3 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1981 Rate: 76.2 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1981 Rate: 76.6 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1981 Rate: 76.7 Series: Men","Date: May 1981 Rate: 77.1 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1981 Rate: 78.3 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1981 Rate: 79.0 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1981 Rate: 78.4 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1981 Rate: 76.4 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1981 Rate: 76.5 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1981 Rate: 76.2 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1981 Rate: 76.1 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1982 Rate: 75.8 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1982 Rate: 75.7 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1982 Rate: 76.0 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1982 Rate: 76.0 Series: Men","Date: May 1982 Rate: 76.7 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1982 Rate: 78.0 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1982 Rate: 78.6 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1982 Rate: 77.9 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1982 Rate: 76.2 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1982 Rate: 76.3 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1982 Rate: 76.2 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1982 Rate: 75.9 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1983 Rate: 75.4 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1983 Rate: 75.4 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1983 Rate: 75.5 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1983 Rate: 75.5 Series: Men","Date: May 1983 Rate: 75.9 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1983 Rate: 78.3 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1983 Rate: 78.8 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1983 Rate: 78.0 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1983 Rate: 76.2 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1983 Rate: 76.0 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1983 Rate: 76.0 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1983 Rate: 75.8 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1984 Rate: 75.3 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1984 Rate: 75.3 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1984 Rate: 75.5 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1984 Rate: 75.6 Series: Men","Date: May 1984 Rate: 76.1 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1984 Rate: 78.1 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1984 Rate: 78.5 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1984 Rate: 77.6 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1984 Rate: 76.3 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1984 Rate: 76.1 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1984 Rate: 76.0 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1984 Rate: 75.9 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1985 Rate: 75.4 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1985 Rate: 75.2 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1985 Rate: 75.6 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1985 Rate: 75.7 Series: Men","Date: May 1985 Rate: 76.2 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1985 Rate: 77.6 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1985 Rate: 78.2 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1985 Rate: 77.5 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1985 Rate: 76.1 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1985 Rate: 76.2 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1985 Rate: 75.9 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1985 Rate: 75.5 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1986 Rate: 75.3 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1986 Rate: 75.4 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1986 Rate: 75.6 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1986 Rate: 75.5 Series: Men","Date: May 1986 Rate: 76.1 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1986 Rate: 77.7 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1986 Rate: 78.2 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1986 Rate: 77.4 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1986 Rate: 76.1 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1986 Rate: 75.9 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1986 Rate: 76.0 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1986 Rate: 75.8 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1987 Rate: 75.5 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1987 Rate: 75.5 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1987 Rate: 75.5 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1987 Rate: 75.5 Series: Men","Date: May 1987 Rate: 76.2 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1987 Rate: 77.4 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1987 Rate: 77.9 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1987 Rate: 77.5 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1987 Rate: 75.8 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1987 Rate: 76.0 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1987 Rate: 75.8 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1987 Rate: 75.5 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1988 Rate: 75.3 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1988 Rate: 75.3 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1988 Rate: 75.3 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1988 Rate: 75.6 Series: Men","Date: May 1988 Rate: 76.0 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1988 Rate: 77.5 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1988 Rate: 78.1 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1988 Rate: 77.7 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1988 Rate: 76.0 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1988 Rate: 76.0 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1988 Rate: 75.9 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1988 Rate: 75.5 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1989 Rate: 75.4 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1989 Rate: 75.5 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1989 Rate: 75.6 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1989 Rate: 75.8 Series: Men","Date: May 1989 Rate: 76.1 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1989 Rate: 78.0 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1989 Rate: 78.3 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1989 Rate: 77.7 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1989 Rate: 76.0 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1989 Rate: 76.3 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1989 Rate: 76.2 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1989 Rate: 75.9 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1990 Rate: 75.7 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1990 Rate: 75.7 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1990 Rate: 75.9 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1990 Rate: 75.9 Series: Men","Date: May 1990 Rate: 76.3 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1990 Rate: 77.6 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1990 Rate: 78.0 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1990 Rate: 77.3 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1990 Rate: 76.1 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1990 Rate: 76.1 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1990 Rate: 76.0 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1990 Rate: 75.8 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1991 Rate: 75.1 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1991 Rate: 75.3 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1991 Rate: 75.6 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1991 Rate: 75.5 Series: Men","Date: May 1991 Rate: 75.6 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1991 Rate: 77.1 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1991 Rate: 77.4 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1991 Rate: 76.5 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1991 Rate: 75.7 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1991 Rate: 75.4 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1991 Rate: 75.3 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1991 Rate: 74.9 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1992 Rate: 75.0 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1992 Rate: 75.1 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1992 Rate: 75.3 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1992 Rate: 75.3 Series: Men","Date: May 1992 Rate: 75.9 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1992 Rate: 77.4 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1992 Rate: 77.6 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1992 Rate: 76.9 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1992 Rate: 75.8 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1992 Rate: 75.4 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1992 Rate: 75.3 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1992 Rate: 75.1 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1993 Rate: 74.6 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1993 Rate: 74.9 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1993 Rate: 75.1 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1993 Rate: 74.8 Series: Men","Date: May 1993 Rate: 75.5 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1993 Rate: 76.8 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1993 Rate: 77.2 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1993 Rate: 76.5 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1993 Rate: 75.1 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1993 Rate: 75.2 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1993 Rate: 74.9 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1993 Rate: 74.7 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1994 Rate: 74.5 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1994 Rate: 74.5 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1994 Rate: 74.4 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1994 Rate: 74.4 Series: Men","Date: May 1994 Rate: 74.8 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1994 Rate: 75.9 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1994 Rate: 76.4 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1994 Rate: 75.9 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1994 Rate: 74.8 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1994 Rate: 75.2 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1994 Rate: 74.9 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1994 Rate: 74.9 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1995 Rate: 74.5 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1995 Rate: 74.6 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1995 Rate: 74.8 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1995 Rate: 74.8 Series: Men","Date: May 1995 Rate: 74.9 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1995 Rate: 76.1 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1995 Rate: 76.4 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1995 Rate: 75.7 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1995 Rate: 74.7 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1995 Rate: 74.7 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1995 Rate: 74.3 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1995 Rate: 74.2 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1996 Rate: 73.8 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1996 Rate: 74.1 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1996 Rate: 74.5 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1996 Rate: 74.5 Series: Men","Date: May 1996 Rate: 75.1 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1996 Rate: 76.1 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1996 Rate: 76.7 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1996 Rate: 75.7 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1996 Rate: 74.7 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1996 Rate: 75.0 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1996 Rate: 74.6 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1996 Rate: 74.4 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1997 Rate: 74.1 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1997 Rate: 74.2 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1997 Rate: 74.7 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1997 Rate: 74.6 Series: Men","Date: May 1997 Rate: 75.0 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1997 Rate: 76.1 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1997 Rate: 76.4 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1997 Rate: 75.8 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1997 Rate: 74.6 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1997 Rate: 74.8 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1997 Rate: 74.8 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1997 Rate: 74.5 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1998 Rate: 74.1 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1998 Rate: 74.2 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1998 Rate: 74.5 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1998 Rate: 74.5 Series: Men","Date: May 1998 Rate: 74.9 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1998 Rate: 75.9 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1998 Rate: 76.4 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1998 Rate: 75.4 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1998 Rate: 74.7 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1998 Rate: 74.8 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1998 Rate: 74.7 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1998 Rate: 74.6 Series: Men","Date: Jan 1999 Rate: 74.2 Series: Men","Date: Feb 1999 Rate: 74.3 Series: Men","Date: Mar 1999 Rate: 74.3 Series: Men","Date: Apr 1999 Rate: 74.2 Series: Men","Date: May 1999 Rate: 74.7 Series: Men","Date: Jun 1999 Rate: 75.7 Series: Men","Date: Jul 1999 Rate: 76.1 Series: Men","Date: Aug 1999 Rate: 75.3 Series: Men","Date: Sep 1999 Rate: 74.4 Series: Men","Date: Oct 1999 Rate: 74.6 Series: Men","Date: Nov 1999 Rate: 74.4 Series: Men","Date: Dec 1999 Rate: 74.4 Series: Men","Date: Jan 2000 Rate: 74.3 Series: Men","Date: Feb 2000 Rate: 74.7 Series: Men","Date: Mar 2000 Rate: 74.6 Series: Men","Date: Apr 2000 Rate: 74.5 Series: Men","Date: May 2000 Rate: 74.6 Series: Men","Date: Jun 2000 Rate: 75.8 Series: Men","Date: Jul 2000 Rate: 75.8 Series: Men","Date: Aug 2000 Rate: 75.5 Series: Men","Date: Sep 2000 Rate: 74.4 Series: Men","Date: Oct 2000 Rate: 74.5 Series: Men","Date: Nov 2000 Rate: 74.4 Series: Men","Date: Dec 2000 Rate: 74.5 Series: Men","Date: Jan 2001 Rate: 74.3 Series: Men","Date: Feb 2001 Rate: 74.2 Series: Men","Date: Mar 2001 Rate: 74.3 Series: Men","Date: Apr 2001 Rate: 74.3 Series: Men","Date: May 2001 Rate: 74.2 Series: Men","Date: Jun 2001 Rate: 75.2 Series: Men","Date: Jul 2001 Rate: 75.6 Series: Men","Date: Aug 2001 Rate: 74.7 Series: Men","Date: Sep 2001 Rate: 74.3 Series: Men","Date: Oct 2001 Rate: 74.3 Series: Men","Date: Nov 2001 Rate: 74.0 Series: Men","Date: Dec 2001 Rate: 74.0 Series: Men","Date: Jan 2002 Rate: 73.6 Series: Men","Date: Feb 2002 Rate: 73.8 Series: Men","Date: Mar 2002 Rate: 73.9 Series: Men","Date: Apr 2002 Rate: 73.9 Series: Men","Date: May 2002 Rate: 74.2 Series: Men","Date: Jun 2002 Rate: 75.0 Series: Men","Date: Jul 2002 Rate: 75.2 Series: Men","Date: Aug 2002 Rate: 74.6 Series: Men","Date: Sep 2002 Rate: 74.1 Series: Men","Date: Oct 2002 Rate: 74.0 Series: Men","Date: Nov 2002 Rate: 73.5 Series: Men","Date: Dec 2002 Rate: 73.4 Series: Men","Date: Jan 2003 Rate: 73.1 Series: Men","Date: Feb 2003 Rate: 73.3 Series: Men","Date: Mar 2003 Rate: 73.1 Series: Men","Date: Apr 2003 Rate: 73.3 Series: Men","Date: May 2003 Rate: 73.3 Series: Men","Date: Jun 2003 Rate: 74.4 Series: Men","Date: Jul 2003 Rate: 74.5 Series: Men","Date: Aug 2003 Rate: 73.8 Series: Men","Date: Sep 2003 Rate: 73.3 Series: Men","Date: Oct 2003 Rate: 73.3 Series: Men","Date: Nov 2003 Rate: 73.4 Series: Men","Date: Dec 2003 Rate: 73.2 Series: Men","Date: Jan 2004 Rate: 73.1 Series: Men","Date: Feb 2004 Rate: 72.8 Series: Men","Date: Mar 2004 Rate: 73.0 Series: Men","Date: Apr 2004 Rate: 72.8 Series: Men","Date: May 2004 Rate: 72.9 Series: Men","Date: Jun 2004 Rate: 74.1 Series: Men","Date: Jul 2004 Rate: 74.6 Series: Men","Date: Aug 2004 Rate: 74.0 Series: Men","Date: Sep 2004 Rate: 73.0 Series: Men","Date: Oct 2004 Rate: 73.3 Series: Men","Date: Nov 2004 Rate: 73.4 Series: Men","Date: Dec 2004 Rate: 73.0 Series: Men","Date: Jan 2005 Rate: 72.4 Series: Men","Date: Feb 2005 Rate: 72.7 Series: Men","Date: Mar 2005 Rate: 72.9 Series: Men","Date: Apr 2005 Rate: 73.0 Series: Men","Date: May 2005 Rate: 73.3 Series: Men","Date: Jun 2005 Rate: 74.3 Series: Men","Date: Jul 2005 Rate: 74.6 Series: Men","Date: Aug 2005 Rate: 74.2 Series: Men","Date: Sep 2005 Rate: 73.2 Series: Men","Date: Oct 2005 Rate: 73.3 Series: Men","Date: Nov 2005 Rate: 73.2 Series: Men","Date: Dec 2005 Rate: 72.9 Series: Men","Date: Jan 2006 Rate: 72.6 Series: Men","Date: Feb 2006 Rate: 72.8 Series: Men","Date: Mar 2006 Rate: 73.2 Series: Men","Date: Apr 2006 Rate: 73.1 Series: Men","Date: May 2006 Rate: 73.4 Series: Men","Date: Jun 2006 Rate: 74.2 Series: Men","Date: Jul 2006 Rate: 74.4 Series: Men","Date: Aug 2006 Rate: 74.0 Series: Men","Date: Sep 2006 Rate: 73.4 Series: Men","Date: Oct 2006 Rate: 73.5 Series: Men","Date: Nov 2006 Rate: 73.5 Series: Men","Date: Dec 2006 Rate: 73.4 Series: Men","Date: Jan 2007 Rate: 72.9 Series: Men","Date: Feb 2007 Rate: 72.9 Series: Men","Date: Mar 2007 Rate: 73.0 Series: Men","Date: Apr 2007 Rate: 73.0 Series: Men","Date: May 2007 Rate: 73.2 Series: Men","Date: Jun 2007 Rate: 74.1 Series: Men","Date: Jul 2007 Rate: 74.3 Series: Men","Date: Aug 2007 Rate: 73.5 Series: Men","Date: Sep 2007 Rate: 72.9 Series: Men","Date: Oct 2007 Rate: 73.0 Series: Men","Date: Nov 2007 Rate: 73.1 Series: Men","Date: Dec 2007 Rate: 72.8 Series: Men","Date: Jan 2008 Rate: 72.6 Series: Men","Date: Feb 2008 Rate: 72.4 Series: Men","Date: Mar 2008 Rate: 72.6 Series: Men","Date: Apr 2008 Rate: 72.6 Series: Men","Date: May 2008 Rate: 73.0 Series: Men","Date: Jun 2008 Rate: 73.8 Series: Men","Date: Jul 2008 Rate: 74.3 Series: Men","Date: Aug 2008 Rate: 73.5 Series: Men","Date: Sep 2008 Rate: 72.9 Series: Men","Date: Oct 2008 Rate: 72.9 Series: Men","Date: Nov 2008 Rate: 72.5 Series: Men","Date: Dec 2008 Rate: 72.3 Series: Men","Date: Jan 2009 Rate: 72.0 Series: Men","Date: Feb 2009 Rate: 72.1 Series: Men","Date: Mar 2009 Rate: 71.9 Series: Men","Date: Apr 2009 Rate: 71.9 Series: Men","Date: May 2009 Rate: 72.3 Series: Men","Date: Jun 2009 Rate: 72.9 Series: Men","Date: Jul 2009 Rate: 73.0 Series: Men","Date: Aug 2009 Rate: 72.4 Series: Men","Date: Sep 2009 Rate: 71.5 Series: Men","Date: Oct 2009 Rate: 71.4 Series: Men","Date: Nov 2009 Rate: 71.2 Series: Men","Date: Dec 2009 Rate: 70.8 Series: Men","Date: Jan 2010 Rate: 70.9 Series: Men","Date: Feb 2010 Rate: 71.0 Series: Men","Date: Mar 2010 Rate: 71.4 Series: Men","Date: Apr 2010 Rate: 71.4 Series: Men","Date: May 2010 Rate: 71.3 Series: Men","Date: Jun 2010 Rate: 71.8 Series: Men","Date: Jul 2010 Rate: 72.1 Series: Men","Date: Aug 2010 Rate: 71.7 Series: Men","Date: Sep 2010 Rate: 70.9 Series: Men","Date: Oct 2010 Rate: 70.7 Series: Men","Date: Nov 2010 Rate: 70.6 Series: Men","Date: Dec 2010 Rate: 70.4 Series: Men","Date: Jan 2011 Rate: 70.0 Series: Men","Date: Feb 2011 Rate: 70.2 Series: Men","Date: Mar 2011 Rate: 70.3 Series: Men","Date: Apr 2011 Rate: 70.1 Series: Men","Date: May 2011 Rate: 70.6 Series: Men","Date: Jun 2011 Rate: 71.2 Series: Men","Date: Jul 2011 Rate: 71.2 Series: Men","Date: Aug 2011 Rate: 70.9 Series: Men","Date: Sep 2011 Rate: 70.4 Series: Men","Date: Oct 2011 Rate: 70.4 Series: Men","Date: Nov 2011 Rate: 70.3 Series: Men","Date: Dec 2011 Rate: 70.2 Series: Men","Date: Jan 2012 Rate: 69.6 Series: Men","Date: Feb 2012 Rate: 69.8 Series: Men","Date: Mar 2012 Rate: 69.9 Series: Men","Date: Apr 2012 Rate: 69.7 Series: Men","Date: May 2012 Rate: 70.3 Series: Men","Date: Jun 2012 Rate: 71.1 Series: Men","Date: Jul 2012 Rate: 71.2 Series: Men","Date: Aug 2012 Rate: 70.4 Series: Men","Date: Sep 2012 Rate: 70.0 Series: Men","Date: Oct 2012 Rate: 70.3 Series: Men","Date: Nov 2012 Rate: 69.9 Series: Men","Date: Dec 2012 Rate: 69.7 Series: Men","Date: Jan 2013 Rate: 69.7 Series: Men","Date: Feb 2013 Rate: 69.6 Series: Men","Date: Mar 2013 Rate: 69.5 Series: Men","Date: Apr 2013 Rate: 69.5 Series: Men","Date: May 2013 Rate: 70.0 Series: Men","Date: Jun 2013 Rate: 70.8 Series: Men","Date: Jul 2013 Rate: 70.8 Series: Men","Date: Aug 2013 Rate: 70.0 Series: Men","Date: Sep 2013 Rate: 69.7 Series: Men","Date: Oct 2013 Rate: 69.2 Series: Men","Date: Nov 2013 Rate: 69.2 Series: Men","Date: Dec 2013 Rate: 68.8 Series: Men","Date: Jan 2014 Rate: 68.6 Series: Men","Date: Feb 2014 Rate: 68.7 Series: Men","Date: Mar 2014 Rate: 69.2 Series: Men","Date: Apr 2014 Rate: 68.7 Series: Men","Date: May 2014 Rate: 69.2 Series: Men","Date: Jun 2014 Rate: 70.1 Series: Men","Date: Jul 2014 Rate: 70.4 Series: Men","Date: Aug 2014 Rate: 69.7 Series: Men","Date: Sep 2014 Rate: 69.2 Series: Men","Date: Oct 2014 Rate: 69.2 Series: Men","Date: Nov 2014 Rate: 68.9 Series: Men","Date: Dec 2014 Rate: 68.8 Series: Men","Date: Jan 2015 Rate: 68.7 Series: Men","Date: Feb 2015 Rate: 68.8 Series: Men","Date: Mar 2015 Rate: 68.9 Series: Men","Date: Apr 2015 Rate: 69.0 Series: Men","Date: May 2015 Rate: 69.5 Series: Men","Date: Jun 2015 Rate: 69.8 Series: Men","Date: Jul 2015 Rate: 70.0 Series: Men","Date: Aug 2015 Rate: 69.3 Series: Men","Date: Sep 2015 Rate: 68.7 Series: Men","Date: Oct 2015 Rate: 68.8 Series: Men","Date: Nov 2015 Rate: 68.5 Series: Men","Date: Dec 2015 Rate: 68.6 Series: Men","Date: Jan 2016 Rate: 68.4 Series: Men","Date: Feb 2016 Rate: 68.9 Series: Men","Date: Mar 2016 Rate: 69.1 Series: Men","Date: Apr 2016 Rate: 69.0 Series: Men","Date: May 2016 Rate: 69.1 Series: Men","Date: Jun 2016 Rate: 70.1 Series: Men","Date: Jul 2016 Rate: 70.3 Series: Men","Date: Aug 2016 Rate: 69.6 Series: Men","Date: Sep 2016 Rate: 69.2 Series: Men","Date: Oct 2016 Rate: 69.2 Series: Men","Date: Nov 2016 Rate: 68.8 Series: Men","Date: Dec 2016 Rate: 68.6 Series: Men","Date: Jan 2017 Rate: 68.6 Series: Men","Date: Feb 2017 Rate: 68.8 Series: Men","Date: Mar 2017 Rate: 68.9 Series: Men","Date: Apr 2017 Rate: 69.0 Series: Men","Date: May 2017 Rate: 69.0 Series: Men","Date: Jun 2017 Rate: 69.8 Series: Men","Date: Jul 2017 Rate: 69.9 Series: Men","Date: Aug 2017 Rate: 69.4 Series: Men","Date: Sep 2017 Rate: 69.2 Series: Men","Date: Oct 2017 Rate: 69.0 Series: Men","Date: Nov 2017 Rate: 68.7 Series: Men","Date: Dec 2017 Rate: 68.5 Series: Men","Date: Jan 2018 Rate: 68.6 Series: Men","Date: Feb 2018 Rate: 69.1 Series: Men","Date: Mar 2018 Rate: 69.1 Series: Men","Date: Apr 2018 Rate: 69.1 Series: Men","Date: May 2018 Rate: 69.3 Series: Men","Date: Jun 2018 Rate: 69.8 Series: Men","Date: Jul 2018 Rate: 69.8 Series: Men","Date: Aug 2018 Rate: 69.1 Series: Men","Date: Sep 2018 Rate: 68.7 Series: Men","Date: Oct 2018 Rate: 68.8 Series: Men","Date: Nov 2018 Rate: 68.7 Series: Men","Date: Dec 2018 Rate: 68.6 Series: Men","Date: Jan 2019 Rate: 68.7 Series: Men","Date: Feb 2019 Rate: 68.9 Series: Men","Date: Mar 2019 Rate: 69.0 Series: Men","Date: Apr 2019 Rate: 68.8 Series: Men","Date: May 2019 Rate: 69.1 Series: Men","Date: Jun 2019 Rate: 69.8 Series: Men","Date: Jul 2019 Rate: 70.2 Series: Men","Date: Aug 2019 Rate: 69.5 Series: Men","Date: Sep 2019 Rate: 69.1 Series: Men","Date: Oct 2019 Rate: 69.1 Series: Men","Date: Nov 2019 Rate: 69.1 Series: Men","Date: Dec 2019 Rate: 68.7 Series: Men","Date: Jan 2020 Rate: 68.8 Series: Men","Date: Feb 2020 Rate: 69.0 Series: Men","Date: Mar 2020 Rate: 68.4 Series: Men","Date: Apr 2020 Rate: 65.9 Series: Men","Date: May 2020 Rate: 66.8 Series: Men","Date: Jun 2020 Rate: 67.9 Series: Men","Date: Jul 2020 Rate: 68.0 Series: Men","Date: Aug 2020 Rate: 67.9 Series: Men","Date: Sep 2020 Rate: 67.4 Series: Men","Date: Oct 2020 Rate: 67.7 Series: Men","Date: Nov 2020 Rate: 67.2 Series: Men","Date: Dec 2020 Rate: 67.0 Series: Men","Date: Jan 2021 Rate: 67.0 Series: Men","Date: Feb 2021 Rate: 67.1 Series: Men","Date: Mar 2021 Rate: 67.1 Series: Men","Date: Apr 2021 Rate: 67.4 Series: Men","Date: May 2021 Rate: 67.5 Series: Men","Date: Jun 2021 Rate: 68.2 Series: Men","Date: Jul 2021 Rate: 68.6 Series: Men","Date: Aug 2021 Rate: 68.0 Series: Men","Date: Sep 2021 Rate: 67.7 Series: Men","Date: Oct 2021 Rate: 67.6 Series: Men","Date: Nov 2021 Rate: 67.7 Series: Men","Date: Dec 2021 Rate: 67.3 Series: Men","Date: Jan 2022 Rate: 67.4 Series: Men","Date: Feb 2022 Rate: 68.0 Series: Men","Date: Mar 2022 Rate: 68.1 Series: Men","Date: Apr 2022 Rate: 67.8 Series: Men","Date: May 2022 Rate: 68.0 Series: Men","Date: Jun 2022 Rate: 68.4 Series: Men","Date: Jul 2022 Rate: 68.5 Series: Men","Date: Aug 2022 Rate: 68.1 Series: Men","Date: Sep 2022 Rate: 68.0 Series: Men","Date: Oct 2022 Rate: 68.0 Series: Men","Date: Nov 2022 Rate: 67.8 Series: Men","Date: Dec 2022 Rate: 67.6 Series: 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56.8,57,57,57.3,57.2,58,58,57.4,57.3,57.7,57.5,57.4,57.2,57.3,57.5,57.4,57.6,58.6,58.9,58.3,57.7,57.7,57.9,57.8,57.3,57.4,57.3,57.2,57.8,58.6,58.6,58.2,57.7,58.2,58.4,58.3,58.2,58.5,58.4,58.3,58.7,59.1,59.3,59.1,58.9,59.1,59.2,58.7,58.3,58.5,58.6,58.7,58.6,59.1,59.7,59.2,58.9,59.3,59.4,58.8,58.5,58.6,58.9,58.6,58.9,59.4,59.8,59.4,59.5,59.8,60,59.7,59.2,59.3,59.7,59.3,59.6,60,60.4,60,59.9,59.9,60,60.1,59.6,59.7,60,59.3,59.6,60,60,59.9,59.9,60,60,60.1,59.8,59.9,60,59.8,59.8,60.4,60.3,60,59.9,60.1,60.2,60.2,59.9,60,60.2,60.1,59.9,60.3,60,59.6,59.6,59.8,59.9,60,59.9,60.1,60.3,59.6,59.6,59.9,59.9,59.4,59.5,59.7,59.8,59.7,59.3,59.9,59.8,59.6,59.4,59.8,59.7,59.6,59.6,59.7,59.6,59.5,59.6,59.6,59.7,59.5,59.5,60.1,59.7,59.5,59.1,59.4,59.3,59,58.9,59.2,59.2,59,59.1,59.5,59.5,59,59,59.2,59.2,59.2,58.9,59,58.8,59,59.2,59.3,59.6,59.3,59.5,59.7,59.5,59.3,58.9,59.1,58.9,59,59.1,59.7,60,59.5,59.3,59.6,59.7,59.6,59.3,59.2,59.2,58.8,58.9,59.5,59.7,59.2,59.5,59.4,59.6,59.5,59.2,59.1,59.3,59.3,59.4,59.8,59.8,59.7,59.4,59.7,59.6,59.5,59.2,59.3,59.3,59.3,59.2,59.9,59.9,59.3,58.9,58.9,58.9,58.5,58.7,58.6,58.6,58.7,58.6,58.8,58.8,58.6,58.6,58.5,58.5,58.2,58.1,58,58.1,58.1,58,58.2,58.3,58.1,58.3,58.3,57.9,57.7,57.5,57.8,57.7,57.5,57.7,58,57.9,57.6,57.6,57.9,57.5,57.5,57.3,57.3,57.1,57.2,57.3,57.7,57.6,57.3,57.1,57,57,56.7,56.8,57.2,57.1,56.9,57.1,57.1,57.2,56.8,56.8,57.2,57.1,56.5,56.7,56.6,56.5,56.6,56.9,56.9,56.8,56.5,56.3,56.7,56.9,56.7,56.7,56.9,57,56.7,56.8,56.8,56.9,56.7,56.8,56.9,56.9,56.6,56.7,57,57.2,57,56.9,57.2,57.4,57,57.2,56.9,57.1,56.7,56.5,57,57,56.7,56.8,57.3,57.6,56.8,57.1,57.4,57.4,57.3,57.2,57.5,57.3,56.9,57,57.3,57.5,57.4,57.6,58,57.7,57.7,57.6,57.9,57.1,54.4,55.1,56.2,56.3,56,55.7,56.1,56,55.9,55.5,55.9,56.2,55.8,55.8,56.3,56.4,56.1,56,56.3,56.4,56.4,56.6,56.6,56.9,56.5,56.8,57,57.1,57.1,56.8,56.8,56.6,56.7],"text":["Date: Jan 1948 Rate: 30.7 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1948 Rate: 31.4 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1948 Rate: 31.4 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1948 Rate: 32.1 Series: Women","Date: May 1948 Rate: 32.0 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1948 Rate: 34.4 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1948 Rate: 33.8 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1948 Rate: 33.1 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1948 Rate: 33.6 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1948 Rate: 33.2 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1948 Rate: 33.3 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1948 Rate: 33.0 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1949 Rate: 31.4 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1949 Rate: 31.8 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1949 Rate: 32.0 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1949 Rate: 31.8 Series: Women","Date: May 1949 Rate: 33.3 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1949 Rate: 33.9 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1949 Rate: 33.8 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1949 Rate: 33.8 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1949 Rate: 33.8 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1949 Rate: 34.0 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1949 Rate: 34.5 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1949 Rate: 33.5 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1950 Rate: 32.5 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1950 Rate: 32.7 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1950 Rate: 32.6 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1950 Rate: 33.0 Series: Women","Date: May 1950 Rate: 33.7 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1950 Rate: 35.1 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1950 Rate: 33.8 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1950 Rate: 34.3 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1950 Rate: 34.1 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1950 Rate: 35.0 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1950 Rate: 35.2 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1950 Rate: 34.2 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1951 Rate: 33.4 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1951 Rate: 33.4 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1951 Rate: 34.4 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1951 Rate: 33.7 Series: Women","Date: May 1951 Rate: 34.8 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1951 Rate: 34.7 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1951 Rate: 35.3 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1951 Rate: 34.8 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1951 Rate: 34.9 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1951 Rate: 35.7 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1951 Rate: 35.5 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1951 Rate: 35.1 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1952 Rate: 33.9 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1952 Rate: 33.9 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1952 Rate: 33.5 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1952 Rate: 33.6 Series: Women","Date: May 1952 Rate: 34.8 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1952 Rate: 35.2 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1952 Rate: 34.4 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1952 Rate: 34.6 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1952 Rate: 35.9 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1952 Rate: 35.4 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1952 Rate: 36.3 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1952 Rate: 34.9 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1953 Rate: 34.2 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1953 Rate: 34.0 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1953 Rate: 34.4 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1953 Rate: 34.0 Series: Women","Date: May 1953 Rate: 34.0 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1953 Rate: 35.0 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1953 Rate: 34.5 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1953 Rate: 34.3 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1953 Rate: 34.7 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1953 Rate: 35.3 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1953 Rate: 34.7 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1953 Rate: 33.7 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1954 Rate: 33.3 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1954 Rate: 34.2 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1954 Rate: 34.5 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1954 Rate: 34.4 Series: Women","Date: May 1954 Rate: 34.8 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1954 Rate: 34.7 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1954 Rate: 34.1 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1954 Rate: 34.2 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1954 Rate: 35.5 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1954 Rate: 35.6 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1954 Rate: 35.4 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1954 Rate: 34.3 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1955 Rate: 34.0 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1955 Rate: 34.0 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1955 Rate: 33.9 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1955 Rate: 34.8 Series: Women","Date: May 1955 Rate: 35.2 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1955 Rate: 35.6 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1955 Rate: 35.9 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1955 Rate: 36.5 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1955 Rate: 36.9 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1955 Rate: 37.5 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1955 Rate: 37.3 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1955 Rate: 36.8 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1956 Rate: 35.6 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1956 Rate: 35.3 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1956 Rate: 35.6 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1956 Rate: 36.1 Series: Women","Date: May 1956 Rate: 37.3 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1956 Rate: 37.5 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1956 Rate: 37.5 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1956 Rate: 37.1 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1956 Rate: 37.7 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1956 Rate: 38.0 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1956 Rate: 37.5 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1956 Rate: 36.9 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1957 Rate: 35.6 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1957 Rate: 36.1 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1957 Rate: 36.2 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1957 Rate: 36.2 Series: Women","Date: May 1957 Rate: 36.9 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1957 Rate: 37.3 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1957 Rate: 37.6 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1957 Rate: 36.6 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1957 Rate: 37.3 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1957 Rate: 37.9 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1957 Rate: 37.5 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1957 Rate: 37.1 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1958 Rate: 35.9 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1958 Rate: 36.3 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1958 Rate: 36.5 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1958 Rate: 36.9 Series: Women","Date: May 1958 Rate: 37.6 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1958 Rate: 37.7 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1958 Rate: 37.3 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1958 Rate: 37.2 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1958 Rate: 37.3 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1958 Rate: 37.8 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1958 Rate: 37.3 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1958 Rate: 36.9 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1959 Rate: 36.2 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1959 Rate: 36.0 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1959 Rate: 36.7 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1959 Rate: 36.9 Series: Women","Date: May 1959 Rate: 37.5 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1959 Rate: 37.9 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1959 Rate: 37.4 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1959 Rate: 37.1 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1959 Rate: 37.3 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1959 Rate: 38.1 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1959 Rate: 37.5 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1959 Rate: 37.2 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1960 Rate: 35.9 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1960 Rate: 36.2 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1960 Rate: 36.3 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1960 Rate: 37.4 Series: Women","Date: May 1960 Rate: 38.2 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1960 Rate: 39.0 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1960 Rate: 38.4 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1960 Rate: 37.9 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1960 Rate: 38.5 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1960 Rate: 38.4 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1960 Rate: 38.6 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1960 Rate: 38.0 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1961 Rate: 37.1 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1961 Rate: 37.7 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1961 Rate: 38.4 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1961 Rate: 37.8 Series: Women","Date: May 1961 Rate: 38.4 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1961 Rate: 39.3 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1961 Rate: 38.4 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1961 Rate: 38.0 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1961 Rate: 37.7 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1961 Rate: 38.6 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1961 Rate: 38.2 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1961 Rate: 37.5 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1962 Rate: 37.0 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1962 Rate: 37.3 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1962 Rate: 37.6 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1962 Rate: 37.6 Series: Women","Date: May 1962 Rate: 38.1 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1962 Rate: 38.5 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1962 Rate: 38.0 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1962 Rate: 38.3 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1962 Rate: 38.3 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1962 Rate: 38.5 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1962 Rate: 38.2 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1962 Rate: 37.8 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1963 Rate: 37.1 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1963 Rate: 37.6 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1963 Rate: 37.9 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1963 Rate: 38.2 Series: Women","Date: May 1963 Rate: 38.8 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1963 Rate: 38.9 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1963 Rate: 38.4 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1963 Rate: 38.0 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1963 Rate: 38.4 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1963 Rate: 39.1 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1963 Rate: 39.0 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1963 Rate: 38.2 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1964 Rate: 37.5 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1964 Rate: 38.2 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1964 Rate: 38.4 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1964 Rate: 39.0 Series: Women","Date: May 1964 Rate: 39.3 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1964 Rate: 39.6 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1964 Rate: 38.6 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1964 Rate: 38.6 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1964 Rate: 38.5 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1964 Rate: 39.0 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1964 Rate: 39.0 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1964 Rate: 38.8 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1965 Rate: 37.9 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1965 Rate: 38.4 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1965 Rate: 38.6 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1965 Rate: 38.8 Series: Women","Date: May 1965 Rate: 39.2 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1965 Rate: 40.1 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1965 Rate: 39.7 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1965 Rate: 39.3 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1965 Rate: 39.2 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1965 Rate: 40.0 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1965 Rate: 40.1 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1965 Rate: 40.0 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1966 Rate: 39.0 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1966 Rate: 39.1 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1966 Rate: 39.2 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1966 Rate: 39.6 Series: Women","Date: May 1966 Rate: 40.1 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1966 Rate: 40.8 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1966 Rate: 40.4 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1966 Rate: 40.5 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1966 Rate: 40.5 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1966 Rate: 41.2 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1966 Rate: 41.7 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1966 Rate: 41.3 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1967 Rate: 40.2 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1967 Rate: 40.5 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1967 Rate: 40.2 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1967 Rate: 40.5 Series: Women","Date: May 1967 Rate: 40.2 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1967 Rate: 41.4 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1967 Rate: 41.4 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1967 Rate: 41.1 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1967 Rate: 41.3 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1967 Rate: 42.1 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1967 Rate: 42.2 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1967 Rate: 42.2 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1968 Rate: 40.5 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1968 Rate: 41.3 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1968 Rate: 41.2 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1968 Rate: 41.0 Series: Women","Date: May 1968 Rate: 41.5 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1968 Rate: 42.4 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1968 Rate: 42.0 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1968 Rate: 41.3 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1968 Rate: 41.5 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1968 Rate: 42.0 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1968 Rate: 42.4 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1968 Rate: 42.2 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1969 Rate: 41.4 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1969 Rate: 42.1 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1969 Rate: 42.1 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1969 Rate: 42.2 Series: Women","Date: May 1969 Rate: 42.0 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1969 Rate: 43.2 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1969 Rate: 43.0 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1969 Rate: 42.9 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1969 Rate: 42.8 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1969 Rate: 43.6 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1969 Rate: 43.6 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1969 Rate: 43.6 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1970 Rate: 42.8 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1970 Rate: 43.1 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1970 Rate: 43.2 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1970 Rate: 43.2 Series: Women","Date: May 1970 Rate: 42.6 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1970 Rate: 43.4 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1970 Rate: 43.7 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1970 Rate: 43.3 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1970 Rate: 43.1 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1970 Rate: 44.0 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1970 Rate: 44.1 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1970 Rate: 43.7 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1971 Rate: 43.2 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1971 Rate: 43.2 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1971 Rate: 43.0 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1971 Rate: 42.7 Series: Women","Date: May 1971 Rate: 42.7 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1971 Rate: 43.0 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1971 Rate: 43.3 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1971 Rate: 43.3 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1971 Rate: 43.4 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1971 Rate: 44.0 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1971 Rate: 44.3 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1971 Rate: 44.1 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1972 Rate: 43.4 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1972 Rate: 43.4 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1972 Rate: 43.6 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1972 Rate: 43.4 Series: Women","Date: May 1972 Rate: 43.5 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1972 Rate: 44.0 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1972 Rate: 44.1 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1972 Rate: 44.0 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1972 Rate: 43.9 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1972 Rate: 44.5 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1972 Rate: 44.4 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1972 Rate: 44.3 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1973 Rate: 43.3 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1973 Rate: 44.1 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1973 Rate: 44.2 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1973 Rate: 44.2 Series: Women","Date: May 1973 Rate: 44.2 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1973 Rate: 45.2 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1973 Rate: 45.0 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1973 Rate: 44.8 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1973 Rate: 45.0 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1973 Rate: 45.6 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1973 Rate: 45.8 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1973 Rate: 45.5 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1974 Rate: 44.7 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1974 Rate: 45.1 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1974 Rate: 45.2 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1974 Rate: 45.0 Series: Women","Date: May 1974 Rate: 45.0 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1974 Rate: 45.9 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1974 Rate: 46.3 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1974 Rate: 45.8 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1974 Rate: 46.0 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1974 Rate: 46.4 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1974 Rate: 46.3 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1974 Rate: 46.1 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1975 Rate: 46.0 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1975 Rate: 45.6 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1975 Rate: 46.0 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1975 Rate: 45.8 Series: Women","Date: May 1975 Rate: 45.9 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1975 Rate: 46.5 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1975 Rate: 46.6 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1975 Rate: 46.6 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1975 Rate: 46.5 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1975 Rate: 47.1 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1975 Rate: 46.8 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1975 Rate: 46.8 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1976 Rate: 46.5 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1976 Rate: 46.6 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1976 Rate: 46.8 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1976 Rate: 46.7 Series: Women","Date: May 1976 Rate: 46.6 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1976 Rate: 47.6 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1976 Rate: 47.9 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1976 Rate: 47.7 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1976 Rate: 47.5 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1976 Rate: 47.9 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1976 Rate: 48.1 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1976 Rate: 47.9 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1977 Rate: 47.2 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1977 Rate: 47.6 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1977 Rate: 48.0 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1977 Rate: 47.8 Series: Women","Date: May 1977 Rate: 47.8 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1977 Rate: 48.8 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1977 Rate: 48.6 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1977 Rate: 48.6 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1977 Rate: 48.9 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1977 Rate: 49.1 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1977 Rate: 49.5 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1977 Rate: 49.2 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1978 Rate: 48.8 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1978 Rate: 48.8 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1978 Rate: 49.1 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1978 Rate: 49.3 Series: Women","Date: May 1978 Rate: 49.4 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1978 Rate: 50.4 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1978 Rate: 50.4 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1978 Rate: 50.1 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1978 Rate: 50.5 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1978 Rate: 50.9 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1978 Rate: 50.9 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1978 Rate: 50.8 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1979 Rate: 50.1 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1979 Rate: 50.4 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1979 Rate: 50.7 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1979 Rate: 50.2 Series: Women","Date: May 1979 Rate: 50.1 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1979 Rate: 50.9 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1979 Rate: 51.1 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1979 Rate: 51.1 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1979 Rate: 51.3 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1979 Rate: 51.8 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1979 Rate: 51.7 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1979 Rate: 51.8 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1980 Rate: 51.2 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1980 Rate: 51.1 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1980 Rate: 51.0 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1980 Rate: 51.0 Series: Women","Date: May 1980 Rate: 51.1 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1980 Rate: 51.6 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1980 Rate: 51.8 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1980 Rate: 51.6 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1980 Rate: 51.6 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1980 Rate: 52.1 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1980 Rate: 52.0 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1980 Rate: 51.7 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1981 Rate: 51.4 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1981 Rate: 51.6 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1981 Rate: 51.8 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1981 Rate: 51.9 Series: Women","Date: May 1981 Rate: 52.1 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1981 Rate: 52.3 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1981 Rate: 52.5 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1981 Rate: 52.3 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1981 Rate: 51.9 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1981 Rate: 52.7 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1981 Rate: 52.7 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1981 Rate: 52.1 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1982 Rate: 51.6 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1982 Rate: 51.9 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1982 Rate: 52.0 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1982 Rate: 52.0 Series: Women","Date: May 1982 Rate: 52.4 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1982 Rate: 52.9 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1982 Rate: 53.3 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1982 Rate: 53.1 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1982 Rate: 53.0 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1982 Rate: 53.1 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1982 Rate: 53.2 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1982 Rate: 52.9 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1983 Rate: 52.4 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1983 Rate: 52.2 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1983 Rate: 52.3 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1983 Rate: 52.2 Series: Women","Date: May 1983 Rate: 52.2 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1983 Rate: 53.3 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1983 Rate: 53.3 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1983 Rate: 53.5 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1983 Rate: 53.5 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1983 Rate: 53.4 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1983 Rate: 53.4 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1983 Rate: 53.1 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1984 Rate: 52.4 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1984 Rate: 52.7 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1984 Rate: 52.9 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1984 Rate: 53.1 Series: Women","Date: May 1984 Rate: 53.7 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1984 Rate: 54.1 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1984 Rate: 54.5 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1984 Rate: 54.0 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1984 Rate: 53.7 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1984 Rate: 54.2 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1984 Rate: 54.0 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1984 Rate: 53.9 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1985 Rate: 53.7 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1985 Rate: 53.9 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1985 Rate: 54.3 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1985 Rate: 54.0 Series: Women","Date: May 1985 Rate: 54.1 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1985 Rate: 54.5 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1985 Rate: 54.9 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1985 Rate: 54.5 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1985 Rate: 54.8 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1985 Rate: 55.1 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1985 Rate: 55.0 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1985 Rate: 54.8 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1986 Rate: 54.2 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1986 Rate: 54.4 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1986 Rate: 54.7 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1986 Rate: 54.6 Series: Women","Date: May 1986 Rate: 55.0 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1986 Rate: 55.9 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1986 Rate: 56.1 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1986 Rate: 55.8 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1986 Rate: 55.6 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1986 Rate: 56.1 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1986 Rate: 55.8 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1986 Rate: 55.3 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1987 Rate: 54.9 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1987 Rate: 55.1 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1987 Rate: 55.4 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1987 Rate: 55.3 Series: Women","Date: May 1987 Rate: 55.9 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1987 Rate: 56.3 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1987 Rate: 56.6 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1987 Rate: 56.5 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1987 Rate: 56.0 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1987 Rate: 56.7 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1987 Rate: 56.6 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1987 Rate: 56.3 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1988 Rate: 55.9 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1988 Rate: 56.0 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1988 Rate: 56.0 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1988 Rate: 56.0 Series: Women","Date: May 1988 Rate: 55.9 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1988 Rate: 56.8 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1988 Rate: 57.0 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1988 Rate: 56.9 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1988 Rate: 56.7 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1988 Rate: 57.2 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1988 Rate: 57.4 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1988 Rate: 57.1 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1989 Rate: 57.0 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1989 Rate: 56.7 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1989 Rate: 56.8 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1989 Rate: 56.9 Series: Women","Date: May 1989 Rate: 57.1 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1989 Rate: 57.7 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1989 Rate: 58.0 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1989 Rate: 57.7 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1989 Rate: 57.5 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1989 Rate: 57.7 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1989 Rate: 58.0 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1989 Rate: 57.5 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1990 Rate: 57.2 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1990 Rate: 57.2 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1990 Rate: 57.3 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1990 Rate: 57.2 Series: Women","Date: May 1990 Rate: 57.6 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1990 Rate: 58.0 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1990 Rate: 58.2 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1990 Rate: 57.8 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1990 Rate: 57.5 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1990 Rate: 57.6 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1990 Rate: 57.4 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1990 Rate: 57.2 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1991 Rate: 56.8 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1991 Rate: 57.0 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1991 Rate: 57.0 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1991 Rate: 57.3 Series: Women","Date: May 1991 Rate: 57.2 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1991 Rate: 58.0 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1991 Rate: 58.0 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1991 Rate: 57.4 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1991 Rate: 57.3 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1991 Rate: 57.7 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1991 Rate: 57.5 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1991 Rate: 57.4 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1992 Rate: 57.2 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1992 Rate: 57.3 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1992 Rate: 57.5 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1992 Rate: 57.4 Series: Women","Date: May 1992 Rate: 57.6 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1992 Rate: 58.6 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1992 Rate: 58.9 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1992 Rate: 58.3 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1992 Rate: 57.7 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1992 Rate: 57.7 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1992 Rate: 57.9 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1992 Rate: 57.8 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1993 Rate: 57.3 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1993 Rate: 57.4 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1993 Rate: 57.3 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1993 Rate: 57.2 Series: Women","Date: May 1993 Rate: 57.8 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1993 Rate: 58.6 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1993 Rate: 58.6 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1993 Rate: 58.2 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1993 Rate: 57.7 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1993 Rate: 58.2 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1993 Rate: 58.4 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1993 Rate: 58.3 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1994 Rate: 58.2 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1994 Rate: 58.5 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1994 Rate: 58.4 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1994 Rate: 58.3 Series: Women","Date: May 1994 Rate: 58.7 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1994 Rate: 59.1 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1994 Rate: 59.3 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1994 Rate: 59.1 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1994 Rate: 58.9 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1994 Rate: 59.1 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1994 Rate: 59.2 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1994 Rate: 58.7 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1995 Rate: 58.3 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1995 Rate: 58.5 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1995 Rate: 58.6 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1995 Rate: 58.7 Series: Women","Date: May 1995 Rate: 58.6 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1995 Rate: 59.1 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1995 Rate: 59.7 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1995 Rate: 59.2 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1995 Rate: 58.9 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1995 Rate: 59.3 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1995 Rate: 59.4 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1995 Rate: 58.8 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1996 Rate: 58.5 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1996 Rate: 58.6 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1996 Rate: 58.9 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1996 Rate: 58.6 Series: Women","Date: May 1996 Rate: 58.9 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1996 Rate: 59.4 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1996 Rate: 59.8 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1996 Rate: 59.4 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1996 Rate: 59.5 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1996 Rate: 59.8 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1996 Rate: 60.0 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1996 Rate: 59.7 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1997 Rate: 59.2 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1997 Rate: 59.3 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1997 Rate: 59.7 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1997 Rate: 59.3 Series: Women","Date: May 1997 Rate: 59.6 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1997 Rate: 60.0 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1997 Rate: 60.4 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1997 Rate: 60.0 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1997 Rate: 59.9 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1997 Rate: 59.9 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1997 Rate: 60.0 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1997 Rate: 60.1 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1998 Rate: 59.6 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1998 Rate: 59.7 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1998 Rate: 60.0 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1998 Rate: 59.3 Series: Women","Date: May 1998 Rate: 59.6 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1998 Rate: 60.0 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1998 Rate: 60.0 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1998 Rate: 59.9 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1998 Rate: 59.9 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1998 Rate: 60.0 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1998 Rate: 60.0 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1998 Rate: 60.1 Series: Women","Date: Jan 1999 Rate: 59.8 Series: Women","Date: Feb 1999 Rate: 59.9 Series: Women","Date: Mar 1999 Rate: 60.0 Series: Women","Date: Apr 1999 Rate: 59.8 Series: Women","Date: May 1999 Rate: 59.8 Series: Women","Date: Jun 1999 Rate: 60.4 Series: Women","Date: Jul 1999 Rate: 60.3 Series: Women","Date: Aug 1999 Rate: 60.0 Series: Women","Date: Sep 1999 Rate: 59.9 Series: Women","Date: Oct 1999 Rate: 60.1 Series: Women","Date: Nov 1999 Rate: 60.2 Series: Women","Date: Dec 1999 Rate: 60.2 Series: Women","Date: Jan 2000 Rate: 59.9 Series: Women","Date: Feb 2000 Rate: 60.0 Series: Women","Date: Mar 2000 Rate: 60.2 Series: Women","Date: Apr 2000 Rate: 60.1 Series: Women","Date: May 2000 Rate: 59.9 Series: Women","Date: Jun 2000 Rate: 60.3 Series: Women","Date: Jul 2000 Rate: 60.0 Series: Women","Date: Aug 2000 Rate: 59.6 Series: Women","Date: Sep 2000 Rate: 59.6 Series: Women","Date: Oct 2000 Rate: 59.8 Series: Women","Date: Nov 2000 Rate: 59.9 Series: Women","Date: Dec 2000 Rate: 60.0 Series: Women","Date: Jan 2001 Rate: 59.9 Series: Women","Date: Feb 2001 Rate: 60.1 Series: Women","Date: Mar 2001 Rate: 60.3 Series: Women","Date: Apr 2001 Rate: 59.6 Series: Women","Date: May 2001 Rate: 59.6 Series: Women","Date: Jun 2001 Rate: 59.9 Series: Women","Date: Jul 2001 Rate: 59.9 Series: Women","Date: Aug 2001 Rate: 59.4 Series: Women","Date: Sep 2001 Rate: 59.5 Series: Women","Date: Oct 2001 Rate: 59.7 Series: Women","Date: Nov 2001 Rate: 59.8 Series: Women","Date: Dec 2001 Rate: 59.7 Series: Women","Date: Jan 2002 Rate: 59.3 Series: Women","Date: Feb 2002 Rate: 59.9 Series: Women","Date: Mar 2002 Rate: 59.8 Series: Women","Date: Apr 2002 Rate: 59.6 Series: Women","Date: May 2002 Rate: 59.4 Series: Women","Date: Jun 2002 Rate: 59.8 Series: Women","Date: Jul 2002 Rate: 59.7 Series: Women","Date: Aug 2002 Rate: 59.6 Series: Women","Date: Sep 2002 Rate: 59.6 Series: Women","Date: Oct 2002 Rate: 59.7 Series: Women","Date: Nov 2002 Rate: 59.6 Series: Women","Date: Dec 2002 Rate: 59.5 Series: Women","Date: Jan 2003 Rate: 59.6 Series: Women","Date: Feb 2003 Rate: 59.6 Series: Women","Date: Mar 2003 Rate: 59.7 Series: Women","Date: Apr 2003 Rate: 59.5 Series: Women","Date: May 2003 Rate: 59.5 Series: Women","Date: Jun 2003 Rate: 60.1 Series: Women","Date: Jul 2003 Rate: 59.7 Series: Women","Date: Aug 2003 Rate: 59.5 Series: Women","Date: Sep 2003 Rate: 59.1 Series: Women","Date: Oct 2003 Rate: 59.4 Series: Women","Date: Nov 2003 Rate: 59.3 Series: Women","Date: Dec 2003 Rate: 59.0 Series: Women","Date: Jan 2004 Rate: 58.9 Series: Women","Date: Feb 2004 Rate: 59.2 Series: Women","Date: Mar 2004 Rate: 59.2 Series: Women","Date: Apr 2004 Rate: 59.0 Series: Women","Date: May 2004 Rate: 59.1 Series: Women","Date: Jun 2004 Rate: 59.5 Series: Women","Date: Jul 2004 Rate: 59.5 Series: Women","Date: Aug 2004 Rate: 59.0 Series: Women","Date: Sep 2004 Rate: 59.0 Series: Women","Date: Oct 2004 Rate: 59.2 Series: Women","Date: Nov 2004 Rate: 59.2 Series: Women","Date: Dec 2004 Rate: 59.2 Series: Women","Date: Jan 2005 Rate: 58.9 Series: Women","Date: Feb 2005 Rate: 59.0 Series: Women","Date: Mar 2005 Rate: 58.8 Series: Women","Date: Apr 2005 Rate: 59.0 Series: Women","Date: May 2005 Rate: 59.2 Series: Women","Date: Jun 2005 Rate: 59.3 Series: Women","Date: Jul 2005 Rate: 59.6 Series: Women","Date: Aug 2005 Rate: 59.3 Series: Women","Date: Sep 2005 Rate: 59.5 Series: Women","Date: Oct 2005 Rate: 59.7 Series: Women","Date: Nov 2005 Rate: 59.5 Series: Women","Date: Dec 2005 Rate: 59.3 Series: Women","Date: Jan 2006 Rate: 58.9 Series: Women","Date: Feb 2006 Rate: 59.1 Series: Women","Date: Mar 2006 Rate: 58.9 Series: Women","Date: Apr 2006 Rate: 59.0 Series: Women","Date: May 2006 Rate: 59.1 Series: Women","Date: Jun 2006 Rate: 59.7 Series: Women","Date: Jul 2006 Rate: 60.0 Series: Women","Date: Aug 2006 Rate: 59.5 Series: Women","Date: Sep 2006 Rate: 59.3 Series: Women","Date: Oct 2006 Rate: 59.6 Series: Women","Date: Nov 2006 Rate: 59.7 Series: Women","Date: Dec 2006 Rate: 59.6 Series: Women","Date: Jan 2007 Rate: 59.3 Series: Women","Date: Feb 2007 Rate: 59.2 Series: Women","Date: Mar 2007 Rate: 59.2 Series: Women","Date: Apr 2007 Rate: 58.8 Series: Women","Date: May 2007 Rate: 58.9 Series: Women","Date: Jun 2007 Rate: 59.5 Series: Women","Date: Jul 2007 Rate: 59.7 Series: Women","Date: Aug 2007 Rate: 59.2 Series: Women","Date: Sep 2007 Rate: 59.5 Series: Women","Date: Oct 2007 Rate: 59.4 Series: Women","Date: Nov 2007 Rate: 59.6 Series: Women","Date: Dec 2007 Rate: 59.5 Series: Women","Date: Jan 2008 Rate: 59.2 Series: Women","Date: Feb 2008 Rate: 59.1 Series: Women","Date: Mar 2008 Rate: 59.3 Series: Women","Date: Apr 2008 Rate: 59.3 Series: Women","Date: May 2008 Rate: 59.4 Series: Women","Date: Jun 2008 Rate: 59.8 Series: Women","Date: Jul 2008 Rate: 59.8 Series: Women","Date: Aug 2008 Rate: 59.7 Series: Women","Date: Sep 2008 Rate: 59.4 Series: Women","Date: Oct 2008 Rate: 59.7 Series: Women","Date: Nov 2008 Rate: 59.6 Series: Women","Date: Dec 2008 Rate: 59.5 Series: Women","Date: Jan 2009 Rate: 59.2 Series: Women","Date: Feb 2009 Rate: 59.3 Series: Women","Date: Mar 2009 Rate: 59.3 Series: Women","Date: Apr 2009 Rate: 59.3 Series: Women","Date: May 2009 Rate: 59.2 Series: Women","Date: Jun 2009 Rate: 59.9 Series: Women","Date: Jul 2009 Rate: 59.9 Series: Women","Date: Aug 2009 Rate: 59.3 Series: Women","Date: Sep 2009 Rate: 58.9 Series: Women","Date: Oct 2009 Rate: 58.9 Series: Women","Date: Nov 2009 Rate: 58.9 Series: Women","Date: Dec 2009 Rate: 58.5 Series: Women","Date: Jan 2010 Rate: 58.7 Series: Women","Date: Feb 2010 Rate: 58.6 Series: Women","Date: Mar 2010 Rate: 58.6 Series: Women","Date: Apr 2010 Rate: 58.7 Series: Women","Date: May 2010 Rate: 58.6 Series: Women","Date: Jun 2010 Rate: 58.8 Series: Women","Date: Jul 2010 Rate: 58.8 Series: Women","Date: Aug 2010 Rate: 58.6 Series: Women","Date: Sep 2010 Rate: 58.6 Series: Women","Date: Oct 2010 Rate: 58.5 Series: Women","Date: Nov 2010 Rate: 58.5 Series: Women","Date: Dec 2010 Rate: 58.2 Series: Women","Date: Jan 2011 Rate: 58.1 Series: Women","Date: Feb 2011 Rate: 58.0 Series: Women","Date: Mar 2011 Rate: 58.1 Series: Women","Date: Apr 2011 Rate: 58.1 Series: Women","Date: May 2011 Rate: 58.0 Series: Women","Date: Jun 2011 Rate: 58.2 Series: Women","Date: Jul 2011 Rate: 58.3 Series: Women","Date: Aug 2011 Rate: 58.1 Series: Women","Date: Sep 2011 Rate: 58.3 Series: Women","Date: Oct 2011 Rate: 58.3 Series: Women","Date: Nov 2011 Rate: 57.9 Series: Women","Date: Dec 2011 Rate: 57.7 Series: Women","Date: Jan 2012 Rate: 57.5 Series: Women","Date: Feb 2012 Rate: 57.8 Series: Women","Date: Mar 2012 Rate: 57.7 Series: Women","Date: Apr 2012 Rate: 57.5 Series: Women","Date: May 2012 Rate: 57.7 Series: Women","Date: Jun 2012 Rate: 58.0 Series: Women","Date: Jul 2012 Rate: 57.9 Series: Women","Date: Aug 2012 Rate: 57.6 Series: Women","Date: Sep 2012 Rate: 57.6 Series: Women","Date: Oct 2012 Rate: 57.9 Series: Women","Date: Nov 2012 Rate: 57.5 Series: Women","Date: Dec 2012 Rate: 57.5 Series: Women","Date: Jan 2013 Rate: 57.3 Series: Women","Date: Feb 2013 Rate: 57.3 Series: Women","Date: Mar 2013 Rate: 57.1 Series: Women","Date: Apr 2013 Rate: 57.2 Series: Women","Date: May 2013 Rate: 57.3 Series: Women","Date: Jun 2013 Rate: 57.7 Series: Women","Date: Jul 2013 Rate: 57.6 Series: Women","Date: Aug 2013 Rate: 57.3 Series: Women","Date: Sep 2013 Rate: 57.1 Series: Women","Date: Oct 2013 Rate: 57.0 Series: Women","Date: Nov 2013 Rate: 57.0 Series: Women","Date: Dec 2013 Rate: 56.7 Series: Women","Date: Jan 2014 Rate: 56.8 Series: Women","Date: Feb 2014 Rate: 57.2 Series: Women","Date: Mar 2014 Rate: 57.1 Series: Women","Date: Apr 2014 Rate: 56.9 Series: Women","Date: May 2014 Rate: 57.1 Series: Women","Date: Jun 2014 Rate: 57.1 Series: Women","Date: Jul 2014 Rate: 57.2 Series: Women","Date: Aug 2014 Rate: 56.8 Series: Women","Date: Sep 2014 Rate: 56.8 Series: Women","Date: Oct 2014 Rate: 57.2 Series: Women","Date: Nov 2014 Rate: 57.1 Series: Women","Date: Dec 2014 Rate: 56.5 Series: Women","Date: Jan 2015 Rate: 56.7 Series: Women","Date: Feb 2015 Rate: 56.6 Series: Women","Date: Mar 2015 Rate: 56.5 Series: Women","Date: Apr 2015 Rate: 56.6 Series: Women","Date: May 2015 Rate: 56.9 Series: Women","Date: Jun 2015 Rate: 56.9 Series: Women","Date: Jul 2015 Rate: 56.8 Series: Women","Date: Aug 2015 Rate: 56.5 Series: Women","Date: Sep 2015 Rate: 56.3 Series: Women","Date: Oct 2015 Rate: 56.7 Series: Women","Date: Nov 2015 Rate: 56.9 Series: Women","Date: Dec 2015 Rate: 56.7 Series: Women","Date: Jan 2016 Rate: 56.7 Series: Women","Date: Feb 2016 Rate: 56.9 Series: Women","Date: Mar 2016 Rate: 57.0 Series: Women","Date: Apr 2016 Rate: 56.7 Series: Women","Date: May 2016 Rate: 56.8 Series: Women","Date: Jun 2016 Rate: 56.8 Series: Women","Date: Jul 2016 Rate: 56.9 Series: Women","Date: Aug 2016 Rate: 56.7 Series: Women","Date: Sep 2016 Rate: 56.8 Series: Women","Date: Oct 2016 Rate: 56.9 Series: Women","Date: Nov 2016 Rate: 56.9 Series: Women","Date: Dec 2016 Rate: 56.6 Series: Women","Date: Jan 2017 Rate: 56.7 Series: Women","Date: Feb 2017 Rate: 57.0 Series: Women","Date: Mar 2017 Rate: 57.2 Series: Women","Date: Apr 2017 Rate: 57.0 Series: Women","Date: May 2017 Rate: 56.9 Series: Women","Date: Jun 2017 Rate: 57.2 Series: Women","Date: Jul 2017 Rate: 57.4 Series: Women","Date: Aug 2017 Rate: 57.0 Series: Women","Date: Sep 2017 Rate: 57.2 Series: Women","Date: Oct 2017 Rate: 56.9 Series: Women","Date: Nov 2017 Rate: 57.1 Series: Women","Date: Dec 2017 Rate: 56.7 Series: Women","Date: Jan 2018 Rate: 56.5 Series: Women","Date: Feb 2018 Rate: 57.0 Series: Women","Date: Mar 2018 Rate: 57.0 Series: Women","Date: Apr 2018 Rate: 56.7 Series: Women","Date: May 2018 Rate: 56.8 Series: Women","Date: Jun 2018 Rate: 57.3 Series: Women","Date: Jul 2018 Rate: 57.6 Series: Women","Date: Aug 2018 Rate: 56.8 Series: Women","Date: Sep 2018 Rate: 57.1 Series: Women","Date: Oct 2018 Rate: 57.4 Series: Women","Date: Nov 2018 Rate: 57.4 Series: Women","Date: Dec 2018 Rate: 57.3 Series: Women","Date: Jan 2019 Rate: 57.2 Series: Women","Date: Feb 2019 Rate: 57.5 Series: Women","Date: Mar 2019 Rate: 57.3 Series: Women","Date: Apr 2019 Rate: 56.9 Series: Women","Date: May 2019 Rate: 57.0 Series: Women","Date: Jun 2019 Rate: 57.3 Series: Women","Date: Jul 2019 Rate: 57.5 Series: Women","Date: Aug 2019 Rate: 57.4 Series: Women","Date: Sep 2019 Rate: 57.6 Series: Women","Date: Oct 2019 Rate: 58.0 Series: Women","Date: Nov 2019 Rate: 57.7 Series: Women","Date: Dec 2019 Rate: 57.7 Series: Women","Date: Jan 2020 Rate: 57.6 Series: Women","Date: Feb 2020 Rate: 57.9 Series: Women","Date: Mar 2020 Rate: 57.1 Series: Women","Date: Apr 2020 Rate: 54.4 Series: Women","Date: May 2020 Rate: 55.1 Series: Women","Date: Jun 2020 Rate: 56.2 Series: Women","Date: Jul 2020 Rate: 56.3 Series: Women","Date: Aug 2020 Rate: 56.0 Series: Women","Date: Sep 2020 Rate: 55.7 Series: Women","Date: Oct 2020 Rate: 56.1 Series: Women","Date: Nov 2020 Rate: 56.0 Series: Women","Date: Dec 2020 Rate: 55.9 Series: Women","Date: Jan 2021 Rate: 55.5 Series: Women","Date: Feb 2021 Rate: 55.9 Series: Women","Date: Mar 2021 Rate: 56.2 Series: Women","Date: Apr 2021 Rate: 55.8 Series: Women","Date: May 2021 Rate: 55.8 Series: Women","Date: Jun 2021 Rate: 56.3 Series: Women","Date: Jul 2021 Rate: 56.4 Series: Women","Date: Aug 2021 Rate: 56.1 Series: Women","Date: Sep 2021 Rate: 56.0 Series: Women","Date: Oct 2021 Rate: 56.3 Series: Women","Date: Nov 2021 Rate: 56.4 Series: Women","Date: Dec 2021 Rate: 56.4 Series: Women","Date: Jan 2022 Rate: 56.6 Series: Women","Date: Feb 2022 Rate: 56.6 Series: Women","Date: Mar 2022 Rate: 56.9 Series: Women","Date: Apr 2022 Rate: 56.5 Series: Women","Date: May 2022 Rate: 56.8 Series: Women","Date: Jun 2022 Rate: 57.0 Series: Women","Date: Jul 2022 Rate: 57.1 Series: Women","Date: Aug 2022 Rate: 57.1 Series: Women","Date: Sep 2022 Rate: 56.8 Series: Women","Date: Oct 2022 Rate: 56.8 Series: Women","Date: Nov 2022 Rate: 56.6 Series: Women","Date: Dec 2022 Rate: 56.7 Series: Women"],"type":"scatter","mode":"lines","line":{"width":1.88976377952756,"color":"rgba(255,234,70,1)","dash":"solid"},"hoveron":"points","name":"Women","legendgroup":"Women","showlegend":true,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null}],"layout":{"margin":{"t":27.689497716895,"r":7.30593607305936,"b":27.0319634703196,"l":37.2602739726027},"plot_bgcolor":"rgba(235,235,235,1)","paper_bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.6118721461187},"xaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"type":"linear","autorange":false,"range":[1944.25416666667,2026.6625],"tickmode":"array","ticktext":["Jan 1960","Jan 1980","Jan 2000","Jan 2020"],"tickvals":[1960,1980,2000,2020],"categoryorder":"array","categoryarray":["Jan 1960","Jan 1980","Jan 2000","Jan 2020"],"nticks":null,"ticks":"outside","tickcolor":"rgba(51,51,51,1)","ticklen":3.65296803652968,"tickwidth":0.66417600664176,"showticklabels":true,"tickfont":{"color":"rgba(77,77,77,1)","family":"","size":11.689497716895},"tickangle":-0,"showline":false,"linecolor":null,"linewidth":0,"showgrid":true,"gridcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","gridwidth":0.66417600664176,"zeroline":false,"anchor":"y","title":{"text":"","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.6118721461187}},"hoverformat":".2f"},"yaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"automargin":true,"type":"linear","autorange":false,"range":[27.8,91.6],"tickmode":"array","ticktext":["30","40","50","60","70","80","90"],"tickvals":[30,40,50,60,70,80,90],"categoryorder":"array","categoryarray":["30","40","50","60","70","80","90"],"nticks":null,"ticks":"outside","tickcolor":"rgba(51,51,51,1)","ticklen":3.65296803652968,"tickwidth":0.66417600664176,"showticklabels":true,"tickfont":{"color":"rgba(77,77,77,1)","family":"","size":11.689497716895},"tickangle":-0,"showline":false,"linecolor":null,"linewidth":0,"showgrid":true,"gridcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","gridwidth":0.66417600664176,"zeroline":false,"anchor":"x","title":{"text":"Labor 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","x"]},"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.2,"selected":{"opacity":1},"debounce":0},"shinyEvents":["plotly_hover","plotly_click","plotly_selected","plotly_relayout","plotly_brushed","plotly_brushing","plotly_clickannotation","plotly_doubleclick","plotly_deselect","plotly_afterplot","plotly_sunburstclick"],"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script>

]

.panel[.panel-name[Potential Labor force]
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#images/potential_labor_force.png" width="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]

.panel[.panel-name[Establishment Survey]

The establishment survey 
- (a.k.a. the payroll survey)
- Samples ~300,000 establishments, or places of employment, about their employees

Disadvantages include:
- Self-employed people not surveyed (not on a company payroll)
- Newly opened firms often omitted
- Information on employment only, not unemployment
- Numbers fluctuate depending on establishments included, often requiring large revisions

However, a big advantage is that the data are determined by real payrolls, not self-reporting like the household survey.

]

.panel[.panel-name[Revisions]
#### Household and Establishment Survey Data for January and February 2021
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#images/tab_9_1.png" width="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />

.pull-left[
Why do these differ:
- Different groups are measured
- All surveys have measurement error

BLS revises estimates over time
]
.pull-right[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#images/fig_9_5.png" width="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
]

]

---

## Types of Unemployment

.panelset[
.panel[.panel-name[Intro]
.pull-left[
Jobs are continually being created and destroyed in the U.S. economy.
- In 2019, about 30.4 million jobs were created, while about 28.2 million jobs were destroyed.
- This is a natural and normal process for the economy.

The BLS reports net changes in the number of people employed and unemployed

Unemployment rates fluctuate with the economy
]
.pull-right[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#images/fig_9_6.png" width="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]

]
.panel[.panel-name[Frictional]
### Frictional Unemployment

Short-term unemployment that arises from the process of matching workers with jobs.

Occurs mostly because of job search: Entering or re-entering the labor force or being between jobs.

Also occurs because of seasonal unemployment: 
- Some jobs fluctuate in availability due to seasonal demand, like ski instructor or farm work.
- To control for this, the BLS releases raw and seasonally adjusted employment figures.

[Example: Sheldon becomes frictionally unemployed](http://www.bazinganomics.com/bazinganomics/2014/9/29/competence-as-a-substitute-for-politeness)

]
.panel[.panel-name[Structural]
### Structural Unemployment

Unemployment that arises from a persistent mismatch between the skills or attributes of workers and the requirements of jobs.

Associated with longer unemployment spells

Workers who are structurally unemployed may require retraining in order to obtain "modern" jobs.

Example: Illustrators in the film and TV industry

]
.panel[.panel-name[Cyclical]
### Cyclical Unemployment
Unemployment caused by a business cycle recession.

In normal recoveries after a recession, unemployment due to cyclical factors will fall.

When all unemployment is due to frictional and structural factors, we say that the economy is at full employment. This means there will always be some unemployment in the economy.
- Economists call this the natural rate of unemployment: The normal rate of unemployment, consisting of frictional unemployment and structural unemployment.
- The general consensus of economists is that the U.S. natural rate of unemployment is somewhere between 4.0 percent and 5.0 percent.

]
.panel[.panel-name[Activity]
1. For this in-class activity there will be absolutely no talking.

2. Your goal is to find someone in the class that was born in the same month as you. Finding someone born in the same month as you means you are now considered employed.

3. Once you find someone who was born in the same month as you, find two seats together and sit down.

4. If you cannot find someone who has the same birth month as you, stand on the left side of the classroom.

5. If you find people who have the same birth month as you but they are already paired up, stand on the right side of the classroom.

6. While you are waiting for the activity to finish up, discuss how you feel the current employment situation is with the people around you. Do you know the current unemployment rate? What about the unemployment rate for other countries? For specific races? Or specific levels of education?
]
.panel[.panel-name[Discussion]
Frictional unemployment (sitting down)
- Congratulations! You found a job!
- How long did it take to find it?
- What are some ways that we could reduce frictional unemployment in society?

Structural Unemployment (no matches)
- Unfortunately your skills are not needed in this market.
- How could we change skills to be employable in this market?
- How do we reduce structural unemployment in society?

Cyclical Unemployment (matched, but no job)
- Your skills are needed, but there just wasn't a job available.
- Should you update your skills?

]
]

---

## Explaining Unemployment

.panelset[
.panel[.panel-name[Intro]

**Government intervention**
- Example: 
  - The federal government’s Trade Adjustment Assistance program offers training to workers whose firms laid them off as a result of competition from foreign firms. 
  - This would reduce *structural unemployment*.
- Other policies try to reduce frictional unemployment, for example by subsidizing new hires.
- However, some other government policies probably increase unemployment, such as:
  - Unemployment insurance
  - Minimum wage laws

This section explores effects of policy on employment
]
.panel[.panel-name[Insurance]
Suppose you have just lost your job. You want to find another and have two main options:
- Take a new low-paying job immediately or
- Search for a better job

Which do you choose?

US vs. EU
- US unemployment insurance payments are low compared with other high-income countries (e.g. western European countries)
- there are relatively short time limits
- What do think is driving these differences between the US and EU?

]
.panel[.panel-name[Benefits]
### Covid-19 and Unemployment Benefits
Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act 
- provide funds to support firms and individuals suffering from the effects of the pandemic
- included a provision to increase the normal state unemployment insurance payment by 
  - $600 per week for four months
  - Average unemployment insurance benefit increased from $378 per week to $978 per week

$978 per week is
- equivalent to $24.45 per hour for a 40-hour week
- greater than the wage rate received by more than half of workers in the United States before the Covid-19 pandemic began

What do you think the effects of this policy are?

]
.panel[.panel-name[Labor Unions]
.pull-left[
Labor unions are organizations of workers that bargain with employers for higher wages and better working conditions.

Unions are probably not a significant cause of unemployment in the United States. While they raise the wage, only about 6 percent of private sector workers are unionized, limiting the effect that unions have on the wider economy.]

.pull-right[
![](data:image/png;base64,#images/ch_9/unions.gif)
]

]
.panel[.panel-name[Efficiency Wages]
**Efficiency wage**: An above-market wage that a firm pays to increase workers’ productivity.

Firms want to get the best performance they can out of their workers.
- Sometimes monitoring workers is difficult or costly. 
- An alternative is to pay them a relatively high wage, making them motivated to perform well in order to keep their job.
- These above-market wages are probably another reason why unemployment exists even when cyclical unemployment is zero.

]

.panel[.panel-name[Min Wage]
.pull-left[
Federal minimum wage law was introduced in 1938: 
- Fair Labor and Standards Act
- $0.25/hour
- Restricted to mining/manufacturing

Binding vs. non-binding wage
- In mid-2021, the federal minimum wage was $7.25/hour
- Many states and cities have higher minimum wages
- Example:
  - In 2019, California’s minimum wage was $12.00/hour
  - San Francisco’s minimum wage was $15.59/hour

]
.pull-right[
Recall from micro theory:

<img src="data:image/png;base64,#images/min_wage.png" width="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
]
.panel[.panel-name[Min Wage Lit]
Disagreement among economists:
- “it is now well-established that higher minimum wages do not reduce employment” 
- “the evidence is very mixed with effects centered on zero so there is no basis for a strong conclusion one way or the other” 
- “most evidence points to adverse employment effects”

Literature over time
- Pre-1990s: Time series (reductions in employment)
- 1990s-2000s: “New Wave” (increases in employment)
- 2010s+: Neoclassical (tend to show reductions in employment)

Most studies find adverse employment effects:
- Studies suggest a 10% increase in the minimum wage reduces teenage employment by about 2%
- Overall effect on unemployment rate is probably small at current levels, since relatively few people earn minimum wage

[Click here for a good paper summarizing the minimum wage literature](https://www.socsci.uci.edu/~dneumark/MW%20US%20literature.05.pdf)

]
]

---

## Inflation
.panelset.sideways[
.panel[.panel-name[Intro]
### What is inflation?
<iframe width="600" height="319" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/MMG7cg5Zjm8" title="What high inflation means in the UK - BBC News" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe>
]
.panel[.panel-name[Discussion]
### Discussion
Divide into groups, and answer the following:

- In your own words, what is inflation?

- According to the video, what is one reason inflation is happening right now?

- How does inflation affect consumers?
]
.panel[.panel-name[Price levels]
### Price levels
Recall from last chapter:
- **price level**: A measure of the average prices of goods and services in the economy
- **inflation rate**: the percentage increase in the price level from one year to the next
- used GDP deflator to measure changes in the price level
- different baskets of goods to estimate with different measures

Two commonly-used measures are:
1. **consumer price index (CPI)**: an average of the prices a typical urban family of four pays for the goods and services they purchase
2. **producer price index (PPI)**: an average of the prices received by producers of goods and services at all stages of the production process

]
]

---

## Measuring Inflation

.panelset[
.panel[.panel-name[Baskets]
.left-column[
To calculate the CPI in a given year, we need:
- A basket of goods
- The cost to purchase the basket of goods in a base year
- The prices in the current year

[**CPI FAQs from BLS**](https://www.bls.gov/cpi/questions-and-answers.htm#:~:text=The%20CPI%20market%20basket%20is,its%20use%20in%20the%20CPI.)
]
.right-column[
<div id="htmlwidget-cc644e27f514a721e618" style="width:800px;height:300px;" class="plotly html-widget "></div>
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.panel[.panel-name[CPI Calc]
.left-column[
Since the CPI measures *consumer* prices, it is sometimes called the **cost of living index**

CPI and CLI are simliar but not the same

CPI-inflation used to create “fair” increases in wages and government benefits

Convention means CPI in base year is 100

]
.right-column[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#images/cpi_calc1.png" width="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />

$$ 
\% \Delta CPI = \Big(\frac{122-120}{120}\Big)\times100=1.7\%
$$
]
]
.panel[.panel-name[CPI Accuracy]
Some potential problems with the CPI include:
- **Substitution bias**: Consumers may change their purchasing habits away from goods that have increased in price.
- **Increase in quality bias**: Difficult to separate improvement in quality from increase in price, say in cars or computers.
- **New product bias**: The basket of goods used to change only every 10 years. (Now it updates every 2 years.) There is a delay to including new goods like cell phones.
- **Outlet bias**: CPI used to only survey prices at traditional retail outlets. Now, it tries to minimize this bias by surveying people about where they actually buy products.

Economists believe the CPI overstates true inflation by 0.5 to 1 percentage point (an improvement over previous methods).

]

.panel[.panel-name[PPI]
**Alternative measures**
- The *CPI* measures inflation as experienced by consumers in their day-to-day living expenses; 
- the *Producer Price Index (PPI)* measures inflation at earlier stages of the production process; 
- the *International Price Program (IPP)* measures inflation for imports and exports; 
- the *Employment Cost Index (ECI)* measures inflation in the labor market; and 
- the *Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Deflator* measures inflation experienced by both consumers themselves as well as governments and other institutions providing goods and services to consumers

**Producer price index**
- The *producer price index (PPI)* is an average of the prices received by producers of goods and services at all stages of the production process.
- Conceptually similar to the CPI
- Includes raw materials like coal and crude petroleum and intermediate goods like flour, yarn, steel, and lumber

The PPI can give early warning of future movements in consumer prices. 
- Why do you think this is true?

]
.panel[.panel-name[CPI & PPI]
Suppose your mother received a salary of $25,000 in 1995. This would have bought much more than a salary of $25,000 in 2020.

We can use the CPI to estimate the purchasing power of that $25,000 in 2020 dollars:

$$
`\begin{aligned}
\textit{Value in 2020 dollars} &= \textit{Value in 1995 dollars}\times\Big(\frac{CPI_{2020}}{CPI_{1995}}\Big) \\
&= \$25,000\times\Big(\frac{259}{152}\Big) \\
&= \$42,599
\end{aligned}`
$$

So, $25,000 in 1995 would have bought about as much as $42,599 in 2020.

]
.panel[.panel-name[Real Vars.]
The current standard base “year” for the CPI is an average of 1982-1984 prices.

Values like wages in current-year dollars are called **nominal variables** 
- When we adjust them for inflation, by dividing by the current year’s price index and multiplying by 100, we convert them to **real variables**
- This is useful for comparing variables across time

Example
- When you lend money to someone, they typically agree to pay you back with interest. 
- If the interest rate is 4%, for example, then a $1,000 loan paid back in a year will be paid back with $1,040.
- 4% is the nominal interest rate: The stated interest rate on a loan.

Adjust for inflation 
- Calculate the **real interest rate**, equal to the nominal interest rate minus the inflation rate.
- This is an approximation, but it is quite accurate for low interest and inflation rates.
- If prices rise by 2% from this year to next, then your real interest rate on the loan is only 2% (4%-2%). 
- This more accurately reflects the cost of borrowing and lending money.

]
.panel[.panel-name[Rate Trend]
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#images/fig_9_8.png" width="80%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]

.panel[.panel-name[CPI Trend]
.pull-left[
- What do you notice about the year-over-year percent change in prices over the past half century?

- What do you wonder? What questions does the graph raise?

- What’s going on in this graph? Create a catchy headline that captures its main idea.

- **Does inflation impose costs on the economy?**
]
.pull-right[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#images/cpi_trend.png" width="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
]

]

---

## Inflation Costs

.panelset[
.panel[.panel-name[Intro]
Sometimes inflation seems unimportant.
- If all prices doubled overnight, it seems like nothing much would change: the prices of goods and services would have doubled, but so would your wage.
- So, you could afford exactly as much as before.

But not all prices and wages rise at the same rate.
- So, some people will see their real wage increase due to inflation, while others will see it decrease.
- Particularly for people on fixed incomes (e.g. retirees), inflation can seem unfair because the purchasing power of their income falls.

]
.panel[.panel-name[Anticipation]
Even if inflation is anticipated, it still causes problems:
- Redistribution of income
- Increased real costs of holding cash
- Firms have **menu costs**: 
  - The cost to firms of changing prices.
  - Frequently changing prices are inconvenient for firms (and consumers too!) to deal with
- Investors are taxed on *nominal returns*
  - rather than *real returns*
  - this can increase the tax due

]
.panel[.panel-name[Unanticipation]
When people cannot predict the rate of inflation, they find it hard to make good borrowing and lending decisions.

Example
- in 1980 banks were charging 18 percent or more on home loans because the rate of inflation was very high. 
- People who bought homes were locked into high rates even when inflation subsided.

On the other hand, 
- if banks lend money at a low rate and then high inflation takes place, the real interest rate they receive may be zero or negative 
- therefore, the risk of inflation makes banks wary of lending.

**Unpredictable inflation makes borrowing and lending risky**
]
.panel[.panel-name[Deflation]

.pull-left[
#### Deflation is much more dangerous for an economy than inflation.

Why? 
- Example: car buying under deflation
- Great Depression of the 1930s 
- Japan's Lost Decade (1990s)

There were concerns that significant periods of deflation might have followed the recession of 2007-2009, but fortunately that did not occur.
]
.pull-right[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#images/deflation.png" width="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]

]
]

---

## Discussion

Does inflation affect all people the same?

Based on what you learned today:
- Do you think inflation will continue to rise? 
- Or do you believe the increase is a temporary problem?

---